/*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
    * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache license, Version 2.0
    * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
    *
    *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the license for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the license.
   */
  package org.apache.logging.log4j.core.async;
  
  import java.util.List;
  
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.Marker;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.ThreadContext.ContextStack;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.ContextDataInjector;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Configuration;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Property;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.ReliabilityStrategy;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ContextDataFactory;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.impl.ContextDataInjectorFactory;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.Clock;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.ClockFactory;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.util.NanoClock;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.Message;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.MessageFactory;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.ReusableMessage;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.AbstractLogger;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.status.StatusLogger;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.StackLocatorUtil;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.util.StringMap;
  
  import com.lmax.disruptor.EventTranslatorVararg;
  import com.lmax.disruptor.dsl.Disruptor;
  
  /**
   * AsyncLogger is a logger designed for high throughput and low latency logging. It does not perform any I/O in the
   * calling (application) thread, but instead hands off the work to another thread as soon as possible. The actual
   * logging is performed in the background thread. It uses the LMAX Disruptor library for inter-thread communication. (<a
   * href="http://lmax-exchange.github.com/disruptor/" >http://lmax-exchange.github.com/disruptor/</a>)
   * <p>
   * To use AsyncLogger, specify the System property
   * {@code -DLog4jContextSelector=org.apache.logging.log4j.core.async.AsyncLoggerContextSelector} before you obtain a
   * Logger, and all Loggers returned by LogManager.getLogger will be AsyncLoggers.
   * <p>
   * Note that for performance reasons, this logger does not include source location by default. You need to specify
   * {@code includeLocation="true"} in the configuration or any %class, %location or %line conversion patterns in your
   * log4j.xml configuration will produce either a "?" character or no output at all.
   * <p>
   * For best performance, use AsyncLogger with the RandomAccessFileAppender or RollingRandomAccessFileAppender, with
   * immediateFlush=false. These appenders have built-in support for the batching mechanism used by the Disruptor library,
   * and they will flush to disk at the end of each batch. This means that even with immediateFlush=false, there will
   * never be any items left in the buffer; all log events will all be written to disk in a very efficient manner.
   */
  public class AsyncLogger extends Logger implements EventTranslatorVararg<RingBufferLogEvent> {
      // Implementation note: many methods in this class are tuned for performance. MODIFY WITH CARE!
      // Specifically, try to keep the hot methods to 35 bytecodes or less:
      // this is within the MaxInlineSize threshold and makes these methods candidates for
      // immediate inlining instead of waiting until they are designated "hot enough".
  
      private static final StatusLogger LOGGER = StatusLogger.getLogger();
      private static final Clock CLOCK = ClockFactory.getClock(); // not reconfigurable
      private static final ContextDataInjector CONTEXT_DATA_INJECTOR = ContextDataInjectorFactory.createInjector();
  
      private static final ThreadNameCachingStrategy THREAD_NAME_CACHING_STRATEGY = ThreadNameCachingStrategy.create();
  
      private final ThreadLocal<RingBufferLogEventTranslator> threadLocalTranslator = new ThreadLocal<>();
      private final AsyncLoggerDisruptor loggerDisruptor;
  
      private volatile boolean includeLocation; // reconfigurable
      private volatile NanoClock nanoClock; // reconfigurable
  
      /**
       * Constructs an {@code AsyncLogger} with the specified context, name and message factory.
       *
       * @param context context of this logger
       * @param name name of this logger
       * @param messageFactory message factory of this logger
       * @param loggerDisruptor helper class that logging can be delegated to. This object owns the Disruptor.
       */
      public AsyncLogger(final LoggerContext context, final String name, final MessageFactory messageFactory,
              final AsyncLoggerDisruptor loggerDisruptor) {
          super(context, name, messageFactory);
          this.loggerDisruptor = loggerDisruptor;
          includeLocation = privateConfig.loggerConfig.isIncludeLocation();
          nanoClock = context.getConfiguration().getNanoClock();
      }
 
     /*
      * (non-Javadoc)
      *
      * @see org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger#updateConfiguration(org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Configuration)
      */
     @Override
     protected void updateConfiguration(final Configuration newConfig) {
         nanoClock = newConfig.getNanoClock();
         includeLocation = newConfig.getLoggerConfig(name).isIncludeLocation();
         super.updateConfiguration(newConfig);
     }
 
     // package protected for unit tests
     NanoClock getNanoClock() {
         return nanoClock;
     }
 
     private RingBufferLogEventTranslator getCachedTranslator() {
         RingBufferLogEventTranslator result = threadLocalTranslator.get();
         if (result == null) {
             result = new RingBufferLogEventTranslator();
             threadLocalTranslator.set(result);
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void logMessage(final String fqcn, final Level level, final Marker marker, final Message message,
             final Throwable thrown) {
         getTranslatorType().log(fqcn, level, marker, message, thrown);
     }
 
     abstract class TranslatorType {
 
         abstract void log(final String fqcn, final Level level, final Marker marker,
                           final Message message, final Throwable thrown);
     }
 
     private final TranslatorType threadLocalTranslatorType = new TranslatorType() {
         @Override
         void log(String fqcn, Level level, Marker marker, Message message, Throwable thrown) {
             logWithThreadLocalTranslator(fqcn, level, marker, message, thrown);
         }
     };
 
     private final TranslatorType varargTranslatorType = new TranslatorType() {
         @Override
         void log(String fqcn, Level level, Marker marker, Message message, Throwable thrown) {
             // LOG4J2-1172: avoid storing non-JDK classes in ThreadLocals to avoid memory leaks in web apps
             logWithVarargTranslator(fqcn, level, marker, message, thrown);
         }
     };
 
     private TranslatorType getTranslatorType() {
         return loggerDisruptor.isUseThreadLocals() ? threadLocalTranslatorType : varargTranslatorType;
     }
 
     private boolean isReused(final Message message) {
         return message instanceof ReusableMessage;
     }
 
     /**
      * Enqueues the specified log event data for logging in a background thread.
      * <p>
      * This re-uses a {@code RingBufferLogEventTranslator} instance cached in a {@code ThreadLocal} to avoid creating
      * unnecessary objects with each event.
      *
      * @param fqcn fully qualified name of the caller
      * @param level level at which the caller wants to log the message
      * @param marker message marker
      * @param message the log message
      * @param thrown a {@code Throwable} or {@code null}
      */
     private void logWithThreadLocalTranslator(final String fqcn, final Level level, final Marker marker,
             final Message message, final Throwable thrown) {
         // Implementation note: this method is tuned for performance. MODIFY WITH CARE!
 
         final RingBufferLogEventTranslator translator = getCachedTranslator();
         initTranslator(translator, fqcn, level, marker, message, thrown);
         initTranslatorThreadValues(translator);
         publish(translator);
     }
 
     private void publish(final RingBufferLogEventTranslator translator) {
         if (!loggerDisruptor.tryPublish(translator)) {
             handleRingBufferFull(translator);
         }
     }
 
     private void handleRingBufferFull(final RingBufferLogEventTranslator translator) {
         if (AbstractLogger.getRecursionDepth() > 1) { // LOG4J2-1518, LOG4J2-2031
             // If queue is full AND we are in a recursive call, call appender directly to prevent deadlock
             AsyncQueueFullMessageUtil.logWarningToStatusLogger();
             logMessageInCurrentThread(translator.fqcn, translator.level, translator.marker, translator.message,
                     translator.thrown);
             return;
         }
         final EventRoute eventRoute = loggerDisruptor.getEventRoute(translator.level);
         switch (eventRoute) {
             case ENQUEUE:
                 loggerDisruptor.enqueueLogMessageWhenQueueFull(translator);
                 break;
             case SYNCHRONOUS:
                 logMessageInCurrentThread(translator.fqcn, translator.level, translator.marker, translator.message,
                         translator.thrown);
                 break;
             case DISCARD:
                 break;
             default:
                 throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown EventRoute " + eventRoute);
         }
     }
 
     private void initTranslator(final RingBufferLogEventTranslator translator, final String fqcn,
             final Level level, final Marker marker, final Message message, final Throwable thrown) {
 
         translator.setBasicValues(this, name, marker, fqcn, level, message, //
                 // don't construct ThrowableProxy until required
                 thrown,
 
                 // needs shallow copy to be fast (LOG4J2-154)
                 ThreadContext.getImmutableStack(), //
 
                 // location (expensive to calculate)
                 calcLocationIfRequested(fqcn), //
                 CLOCK, //
                 nanoClock //
         );
     }
 
     private void initTranslatorThreadValues(final RingBufferLogEventTranslator translator) {
         // constant check should be optimized out when using default (CACHED)
         if (THREAD_NAME_CACHING_STRATEGY == ThreadNameCachingStrategy.UNCACHED) {
             translator.updateThreadValues();
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the caller location if requested, {@code null} otherwise.
      *
      * @param fqcn fully qualified caller name.
      * @return the caller location if requested, {@code null} otherwise.
      */
     private StackTraceElement calcLocationIfRequested(final String fqcn) {
         // location: very expensive operation. LOG4J2-153:
         // Only include if "includeLocation=true" is specified,
         // exclude if not specified or if "false" was specified.
         return includeLocation ? StackLocatorUtil.calcLocation(fqcn) : null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Enqueues the specified log event data for logging in a background thread.
      * <p>
      * This creates a new varargs Object array for each invocation, but does not store any non-JDK classes in a
      * {@code ThreadLocal} to avoid memory leaks in web applications (see LOG4J2-1172).
      *
      * @param fqcn fully qualified name of the caller
      * @param level level at which the caller wants to log the message
      * @param marker message marker
      * @param message the log message
      * @param thrown a {@code Throwable} or {@code null}
      */
     private void logWithVarargTranslator(final String fqcn, final Level level, final Marker marker,
             final Message message, final Throwable thrown) {
         // Implementation note: candidate for optimization: exceeds 35 bytecodes.
 
         final Disruptor<RingBufferLogEvent> disruptor = loggerDisruptor.getDisruptor();
         if (disruptor == null) {
             LOGGER.error("Ignoring log event after Log4j has been shut down.");
             return;
         }
         // if the Message instance is reused, there is no point in freezing its message here
         if (!isReused(message)) {
             InternalAsyncUtil.makeMessageImmutable(message);
         }
         StackTraceElement location = null;
         // calls the translateTo method on this AsyncLogger
         if (!disruptor.getRingBuffer().tryPublishEvent(this,
                 this, // asyncLogger: 0
                 (location = calcLocationIfRequested(fqcn)), // location: 1
                 fqcn, // 2
                 level, // 3
                 marker, // 4
                 message, // 5
                 thrown)) { // 6
             handleRingBufferFull(location, fqcn, level, marker, message, thrown);
         }
     }
 
     /*
      * (non-Javadoc)
      *
      * @see com.lmax.disruptor.EventTranslatorVararg#translateTo(java.lang.Object, long, java.lang.Object[])
      */
     @Override
     public void translateTo(final RingBufferLogEvent event, final long sequence, final Object... args) {
         // Implementation note: candidate for optimization: exceeds 35 bytecodes.
         final AsyncLogger asyncLogger = (AsyncLogger) args[0];
         final StackTraceElement location = (StackTraceElement) args[1];
         final String fqcn = (String) args[2];
         final Level level = (Level) args[3];
         final Marker marker = (Marker) args[4];
         final Message message = (Message) args[5];
         final Throwable thrown = (Throwable) args[6];
 
         // needs shallow copy to be fast (LOG4J2-154)
         final ContextStack contextStack = ThreadContext.getImmutableStack();
 
         final Thread currentThread = Thread.currentThread();
         final String threadName = THREAD_NAME_CACHING_STRATEGY.getThreadName();
         event.setValues(asyncLogger, asyncLogger.getName(), marker, fqcn, level, message, thrown,
                 // config properties are taken care of in the EventHandler thread
                 // in the AsyncLogger#actualAsyncLog method
                 CONTEXT_DATA_INJECTOR.injectContextData(null, (StringMap) event.getContextData()),
                 contextStack, currentThread.getId(), threadName, currentThread.getPriority(), location,
                 CLOCK, nanoClock);
     }
 
     /**
      * LOG4J2-471: prevent deadlock when RingBuffer is full and object being logged calls Logger.log() from its
      * toString() method
      *
      * @param fqcn fully qualified caller name
      * @param level log level
      * @param marker optional marker
      * @param message log message
      * @param thrown optional exception
      */
     void logMessageInCurrentThread(final String fqcn, final Level level, final Marker marker,
             final Message message, final Throwable thrown) {
         // bypass RingBuffer and invoke Appender directly
         final ReliabilityStrategy strategy = privateConfig.loggerConfig.getReliabilityStrategy();
         strategy.log(this, getName(), fqcn, marker, level, message, thrown);
     }
 
     private void handleRingBufferFull(final StackTraceElement location,
                                       final String fqcn,
                                       final Level level,
                                       final Marker marker,
                                       final Message msg,
                                       final Throwable thrown) {
         if (AbstractLogger.getRecursionDepth() > 1) { // LOG4J2-1518, LOG4J2-2031
             // If queue is full AND we are in a recursive call, call appender directly to prevent deadlock
             AsyncQueueFullMessageUtil.logWarningToStatusLogger();
             logMessageInCurrentThread(fqcn, level, marker, msg, thrown);
             return;
         }
         final EventRoute eventRoute = loggerDisruptor.getEventRoute(level);
         switch (eventRoute) {
             case ENQUEUE:
                 loggerDisruptor.enqueueLogMessageWhenQueueFull(this,
                         this, // asyncLogger: 0
                         location, // location: 1
                         fqcn, // 2
                         level, // 3
                         marker, // 4
                         msg, // 5
                         thrown); // 6
                 break;
             case SYNCHRONOUS:
                 logMessageInCurrentThread(fqcn, level, marker, msg, thrown);
                 break;
             case DISCARD:
                 break;
             default:
                 throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown EventRoute " + eventRoute);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * This method is called by the EventHandler that processes the RingBufferLogEvent in a separate thread.
      * Merges the contents of the configuration map into the contextData, after replacing any variables in the property
      * values with the StrSubstitutor-supplied actual values.
      *
      * @param event the event to log
      */
     public void actualAsyncLog(final RingBufferLogEvent event) {
         final LoggerConfig privateConfigLoggerConfig = privateConfig.loggerConfig;
         final List<Property> properties = privateConfigLoggerConfig.getPropertyList();
 
         if (properties != null) {
             onPropertiesPresent(event, properties);
         }
 
         privateConfigLoggerConfig.getReliabilityStrategy().log(this, event);
     }
 
     @SuppressWarnings("ForLoopReplaceableByForEach") // Avoid iterator allocation
     private void onPropertiesPresent(final RingBufferLogEvent event, final List<Property> properties) {
         StringMap contextData = getContextData(event);
         for (int i = 0, size = properties.size(); i < size; i++) {
             final Property prop = properties.get(i);
             if (contextData.getValue(prop.getName()) != null) {
                 continue; // contextMap overrides config properties
             }
             final String value = prop.isValueNeedsLookup() //
                     ? privateConfig.config.getStrSubstitutor().replace(event, prop.getValue()) //
                     : prop.getValue();
             contextData.putValue(prop.getName(), value);
         }
         event.setContextData(contextData);
     }
 
     private static StringMap getContextData(final RingBufferLogEvent event) {
         StringMap contextData = (StringMap) event.getContextData();
         if (contextData.isFrozen()) {
             final StringMap temp = ContextDataFactory.createContextData();
             temp.putAll(contextData);
             return temp;
         }
         return contextData;
     }
 }