/**
    *
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    * distributed with this work for additional information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   * limitations under the License.
   */
  package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util;
  
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
  import java.util.Random;
  
  import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
  import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
  import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
  import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HRegionInfo;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.MetaTableAccessor;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableNotDisabledException;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.classification.InterfaceAudience;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HConnection;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.HRegion;
  import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.wal.WALFactory;
  import org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException;
  
  /**
   * A non-instantiable class that has a static method capable of compacting
   * a table by merging adjacent regions.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  class HMerge {
    // TODO: Where is this class used?  How does it relate to Merge in same package?
    private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(HMerge.class);
    static final Random rand = new Random();
  
    /*
     * Not instantiable
     */
    private HMerge() {
      super();
    }
  
    /**
     * Scans the table and merges two adjacent regions if they are small. This
     * only happens when a lot of rows are deleted.
     *
     * When merging the hbase:meta region, the HBase instance must be offline.
     * When merging a normal table, the HBase instance must be online, but the
     * table must be disabled.
     *
     * @param conf        - configuration object for HBase
     * @param fs          - FileSystem where regions reside
     * @param tableName   - Table to be compacted
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void merge(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs,
      final TableName tableName)
    throws IOException {
      merge(conf, fs, tableName, true);
    }
  
    /**
     * Scans the table and merges two adjacent regions if they are small. This
     * only happens when a lot of rows are deleted.
     *
     * When merging the hbase:meta region, the HBase instance must be offline.
     * When merging a normal table, the HBase instance must be online, but the
     * table must be disabled.
     *
     * @param conf        - configuration object for HBase
     * @param fs          - FileSystem where regions reside
     * @param tableName   - Table to be compacted
     * @param testMasterRunning True if we are to verify master is down before
     * running merge
    * @throws IOException
    */
   public static void merge(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs,
     final TableName tableName, final boolean testMasterRunning)
   throws IOException {
     boolean masterIsRunning = false;
     HConnection hConnection = null;
     if (testMasterRunning) {
       try {
         hConnection = (HConnection) ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf);
         masterIsRunning = hConnection.isMasterRunning();
       } finally {
         if (hConnection != null) {
           hConnection.close();
         }
       }
     }
     if (tableName.equals(TableName.META_TABLE_NAME)) {
       if (masterIsRunning) {
         throw new IllegalStateException(
             "Can not compact hbase:meta table if instance is on-line");
       }
       // TODO reenable new OfflineMerger(conf, fs).process();
     } else {
       if(!masterIsRunning) {
         throw new IllegalStateException(
             "HBase instance must be running to merge a normal table");
       }
       try (Connection conn = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf);
           Admin admin = conn.getAdmin()) {
         if (!admin.isTableDisabled(tableName)) {
           throw new TableNotDisabledException(tableName);
         }
       }
       new OnlineMerger(conf, fs, tableName).process();
     }
   }
 
   private static abstract class Merger {
     protected final Configuration conf;
     protected final FileSystem fs;
     protected final Path rootDir;
     protected final HTableDescriptor htd;
     protected final WALFactory walFactory;
     private final long maxFilesize;
 
 
     protected Merger(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs, final TableName tableName)
     throws IOException {
       this.conf = conf;
       this.fs = fs;
       this.maxFilesize = conf.getLong(HConstants.HREGION_MAX_FILESIZE,
           HConstants.DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_SIZE);
 
       this.rootDir = FSUtils.getRootDir(conf);
       Path tabledir = FSUtils.getTableDir(this.rootDir, tableName);
       this.htd = FSTableDescriptors.getTableDescriptorFromFs(this.fs, tabledir)
           .getHTableDescriptor();
       String logname = "merge_" + System.currentTimeMillis() + HConstants.HREGION_LOGDIR_NAME;
 
       final Configuration walConf = new Configuration(conf);
       FSUtils.setRootDir(walConf, tabledir);
       this.walFactory = new WALFactory(walConf, null, logname);
     }
 
     void process() throws IOException {
       try {
         for (HRegionInfo[] regionsToMerge = next();
             regionsToMerge != null;
             regionsToMerge = next()) {
           if (!merge(regionsToMerge)) {
             return;
           }
         }
       } finally {
         try {
           walFactory.close();
         } catch(IOException e) {
           LOG.error(e);
         }
       }
     }
 
     protected boolean merge(final HRegionInfo[] info) throws IOException {
       if (info.length < 2) {
         LOG.info("only one region - nothing to merge");
         return false;
       }
 
       HRegion currentRegion = null;
       long currentSize = 0;
       HRegion nextRegion = null;
       long nextSize = 0;
       for (int i = 0; i < info.length - 1; i++) {
         if (currentRegion == null) {
           currentRegion = HRegion.openHRegion(conf, fs, this.rootDir, info[i], this.htd,
               walFactory.getWAL(info[i].getEncodedNameAsBytes(),
                 info[i].getTable().getNamespace()));
           currentSize = currentRegion.getLargestHStoreSize();
         }
         nextRegion = HRegion.openHRegion(conf, fs, this.rootDir, info[i + 1], this.htd,
             walFactory.getWAL(info[i + 1].getEncodedNameAsBytes(),
               info[i + 1].getTable().getNamespace()));
         nextSize = nextRegion.getLargestHStoreSize();
 
         if ((currentSize + nextSize) <= (maxFilesize / 2)) {
           // We merge two adjacent regions if their total size is less than
           // one half of the desired maximum size
           LOG.info("Merging regions " + currentRegion.getRegionInfo().getRegionNameAsString() +
             " and " + nextRegion.getRegionInfo().getRegionNameAsString());
           HRegion mergedRegion =
             HRegion.mergeAdjacent(currentRegion, nextRegion);
           updateMeta(currentRegion.getRegionInfo().getRegionName(),
             nextRegion.getRegionInfo().getRegionName(), mergedRegion);
           break;
         }
         LOG.info("not merging regions " +
           Bytes.toStringBinary(currentRegion.getRegionInfo().getRegionName()) +
             " and " + Bytes.toStringBinary(nextRegion.getRegionInfo().getRegionName()));
         currentRegion.close();
         currentRegion = nextRegion;
         currentSize = nextSize;
       }
       if(currentRegion != null) {
         currentRegion.close();
       }
       return true;
     }
 
     protected abstract HRegionInfo[] next() throws IOException;
 
     protected abstract void updateMeta(final byte [] oldRegion1,
       final byte [] oldRegion2, HRegion newRegion)
     throws IOException;
 
   }
 
   /** Instantiated to compact a normal user table */
   private static class OnlineMerger extends Merger {
     private final TableName tableName;
     private final Table table;
     private final ResultScanner metaScanner;
     private HRegionInfo latestRegion;
 
     OnlineMerger(Configuration conf, FileSystem fs,
       final TableName tableName)
     throws IOException {
       super(conf, fs, tableName);
       this.tableName = tableName;
       Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(conf);
       this.table = connection.getTable(TableName.META_TABLE_NAME);
       this.metaScanner = table.getScanner(HConstants.CATALOG_FAMILY,
           HConstants.REGIONINFO_QUALIFIER);
       this.latestRegion = null;
     }
 
     private HRegionInfo nextRegion() throws IOException {
       try {
         Result results = getMetaRow();
         if (results == null) {
           return null;
         }
         HRegionInfo region = MetaTableAccessor.getHRegionInfo(results);
         if (region == null) {
           throw new NoSuchElementException("meta region entry missing " +
               Bytes.toString(HConstants.CATALOG_FAMILY) + ":" +
               Bytes.toString(HConstants.REGIONINFO_QUALIFIER));
         }
         if (!region.getTable().equals(this.tableName)) {
           return null;
         }
         return region;
       } catch (IOException e) {
         e = e instanceof RemoteException ? ((RemoteException) e).unwrapRemoteException() : e;
         LOG.error("meta scanner error", e);
         metaScanner.close();
         throw e;
       }
     }
 
     /*
      * Check current row has a HRegionInfo.  Skip to next row if HRI is empty.
      * @return A Map of the row content else null if we are off the end.
      * @throws IOException
      */
     private Result getMetaRow() throws IOException {
       Result currentRow = metaScanner.next();
       boolean foundResult = false;
       while (currentRow != null) {
         LOG.info("Row: <" + Bytes.toStringBinary(currentRow.getRow()) + ">");
         byte[] regionInfoValue = currentRow.getValue(HConstants.CATALOG_FAMILY,
             HConstants.REGIONINFO_QUALIFIER);
         if (regionInfoValue == null || regionInfoValue.length == 0) {
           currentRow = metaScanner.next();
           continue;
         }
         HRegionInfo region = MetaTableAccessor.getHRegionInfo(currentRow);
         if (!region.getTable().equals(this.tableName)) {
           currentRow = metaScanner.next();
           continue;
         }
         foundResult = true;
         break;
       }
       return foundResult ? currentRow : null;
     }
 
     @Override
     protected HRegionInfo[] next() throws IOException {
       List<HRegionInfo> regions = new ArrayList<HRegionInfo>();
       if(latestRegion == null) {
         latestRegion = nextRegion();
       }
       if(latestRegion != null) {
         regions.add(latestRegion);
       }
       latestRegion = nextRegion();
       if(latestRegion != null) {
         regions.add(latestRegion);
       }
       return regions.toArray(new HRegionInfo[regions.size()]);
     }
 
     @Override
     protected void updateMeta(final byte [] oldRegion1,
         final byte [] oldRegion2,
       HRegion newRegion)
     throws IOException {
       byte[][] regionsToDelete = {oldRegion1, oldRegion2};
       for (int r = 0; r < regionsToDelete.length; r++) {
         if(Bytes.equals(regionsToDelete[r], latestRegion.getRegionName())) {
           latestRegion = null;
         }
         Delete delete = new Delete(regionsToDelete[r]);
         table.delete(delete);
         if(LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
           LOG.debug("updated columns in row: " + Bytes.toStringBinary(regionsToDelete[r]));
         }
       }
       newRegion.getRegionInfo().setOffline(true);
 
       MetaTableAccessor.addRegionToMeta(table, newRegion.getRegionInfo());
 
       if(LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
         LOG.debug("updated columns in row: "
             + Bytes.toStringBinary(newRegion.getRegionInfo().getRegionName()));
       }
     }
   }
 }