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    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    * distributed with this work for additional information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
   * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
   * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
   * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
   * specific language governing permissions and limitations
   * under the License.
   * ====================================================================
   *
   * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
   * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
   * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
   * <http://www.apache.org/>.
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  package org.apache.hc.client5.testing.sync;
  
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
  
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.HttpRoute;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.config.ConnectionConfig;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.io.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.io.ConnectionEndpoint;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.io.LeaseRequest;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.testing.classic.RandomHandler;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.testing.sync.extension.TestClientResources;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ClassicHttpRequest;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ClassicHttpResponse;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHost;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpStatus;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.URIScheme;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.impl.io.HttpRequestExecutor;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.message.BasicClassicHttpRequest;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.DefaultHttpProcessor;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.HttpContext;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.HttpProcessor;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.RequestConnControl;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.RequestContent;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.RequestTargetHost;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.pool.PoolConcurrencyPolicy;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.pool.PoolReusePolicy;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.testing.classic.ClassicTestServer;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.util.TimeValue;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.util.Timeout;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.RegisterExtension;
  
  /**
   * Tests for {@code PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager} that do require a server
   * to communicate with.
   */
  public class TestConnectionManagement {
  
      public static final Timeout TIMEOUT = Timeout.ofMinutes(1);
  
      @RegisterExtension
      private TestClientResources testResources = new TestClientResources(URIScheme.HTTP, TIMEOUT);
  
      public ClassicTestServer startServer() throws IOException {
          return testResources.startServer(null, null, null);
      }
  
      public CloseableHttpClient startClient() {
          return testResources.startClient(b -> {}, b -> {});
      }
  
      public HttpHost targetHost() {
          return testResources.targetHost();
      }
  
      /**
       * Tests releasing and re-using a connection after a response is read.
       */
      @Test
      public void testReleaseConnection() throws Exception {
          final ClassicTestServer server = startServer();
          server.registerHandler("/random/*", new RandomHandler());
          final HttpHost target = targetHost();
  
          startClient();
  
          final PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = testResources.connManager();
          connManager.setMaxTotal(1);
 
         final HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(target, null, false);
         final int rsplen = 8;
         final String uri = "/random/" + rsplen;
 
         final ClassicHttpRequest request = new BasicClassicHttpRequest("GET", target, uri);
         final HttpContext context = new BasicHttpContext();
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest1 = connManager.lease("id1", route, null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint1 = leaseRequest1.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
 
         connManager.connect(endpoint1, null, context);
 
         final HttpProcessor httpProcessor = new DefaultHttpProcessor(
                 new RequestTargetHost(), new RequestContent(), new RequestConnControl());
 
         final HttpRequestExecutor exec = new HttpRequestExecutor();
         exec.preProcess(request, httpProcessor, context);
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response1 = endpoint1.execute("id1", request, exec, context)) {
             Assertions.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response1.getCode());
         }
 
         // check that there is no auto-release by default
         // this should fail quickly, connection has not been released
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest2 = connManager.lease("id2", route, null);
         Assertions.assertThrows(TimeoutException.class, () -> leaseRequest2.get(Timeout.ofMilliseconds(10)));
 
         endpoint1.close();
         connManager.release(endpoint1, null, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND);
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest3 = connManager.lease("id2", route, null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint2 = leaseRequest3.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         Assertions.assertFalse(endpoint2.isConnected());
 
         connManager.connect(endpoint2, null, context);
 
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response2 = endpoint2.execute("id2", request, exec, context)) {
             Assertions.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response2.getCode());
         }
 
         // release connection after marking it for re-use
         // expect the next connection obtained to be open
         connManager.release(endpoint2, null, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND);
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest4 = connManager.lease("id3", route, null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint3 = leaseRequest4.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         Assertions.assertTrue(endpoint3.isConnected());
 
         // repeat the communication, no need to prepare the request again
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response3 = endpoint3.execute("id3", request, exec, context)) {
             Assertions.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response3.getCode());
         }
 
         connManager.release(endpoint3, null, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND);
         connManager.close();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests releasing with time limits.
      */
     @Test
     public void testReleaseConnectionWithTimeLimits() throws Exception {
         final ClassicTestServer server = startServer();
         server.registerHandler("/random/*", new RandomHandler());
         final HttpHost target = targetHost();
 
         startClient();
 
         final PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = testResources.connManager();
         connManager.setMaxTotal(1);
 
         final HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(target, null, false);
         final int rsplen = 8;
         final String uri = "/random/" + rsplen;
 
         final ClassicHttpRequest request = new BasicClassicHttpRequest("GET", target, uri);
         final HttpContext context = new BasicHttpContext();
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest1 = connManager.lease("id1", route, null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint1 = leaseRequest1.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         connManager.connect(endpoint1, null, context);
 
         final HttpProcessor httpProcessor = new DefaultHttpProcessor(
                 new RequestTargetHost(), new RequestContent(), new RequestConnControl());
 
         final HttpRequestExecutor exec = new HttpRequestExecutor();
         exec.preProcess(request, httpProcessor, context);
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response1 = endpoint1.execute("id1", request, exec, context)) {
             Assertions.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response1.getCode());
         }
 
         // check that there is no auto-release by default
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest2 = connManager.lease("id2", route, null);
         // this should fail quickly, connection has not been released
         Assertions.assertThrows(TimeoutException.class, () -> leaseRequest2.get(Timeout.ofMilliseconds(10)));
 
         endpoint1.close();
         connManager.release(endpoint1, null, TimeValue.ofMilliseconds(100));
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest3 = connManager.lease("id2", route, null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint2 = leaseRequest3.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         Assertions.assertFalse(endpoint2.isConnected());
 
         connManager.connect(endpoint2, null, context);
 
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response2 = endpoint2.execute("id2", request, exec, context)) {
             Assertions.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response2.getCode());
         }
 
         connManager.release(endpoint2, null, TimeValue.ofMilliseconds(100));
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest4 = connManager.lease("id3", route, null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint3 = leaseRequest4.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         Assertions.assertTrue(endpoint3.isConnected());
 
         // repeat the communication, no need to prepare the request again
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response3 = endpoint3.execute("id3", request, exec, context)) {
             Assertions.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response3.getCode());
         }
 
         connManager.release(endpoint3, null, TimeValue.ofMilliseconds(100));
         Thread.sleep(150);
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest5 = connManager.lease("id4", route, null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint4 = leaseRequest5.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         Assertions.assertFalse(endpoint4.isConnected());
 
         // repeat the communication, no need to prepare the request again
         connManager.connect(endpoint4, null, context);
 
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response4 = endpoint4.execute("id4", request, exec, context)) {
             Assertions.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response4.getCode());
         }
 
         connManager.close();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCloseExpiredIdleConnections() throws Exception {
         startServer();
         final HttpHost target = targetHost();
         startClient();
 
         final PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = testResources.connManager();
         connManager.setMaxTotal(1);
 
         final HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(target, null, false);
         final HttpContext context = new BasicHttpContext();
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest1 = connManager.lease("id1", route, null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint1 = leaseRequest1.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         connManager.connect(endpoint1, null, context);
 
         Assertions.assertEquals(1, connManager.getTotalStats().getLeased());
         Assertions.assertEquals(1, connManager.getStats(route).getLeased());
 
         connManager.release(endpoint1, null, TimeValue.ofMilliseconds(100));
 
         // Released, still active.
         Assertions.assertEquals(1, connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
         Assertions.assertEquals(1, connManager.getStats(route).getAvailable());
 
         connManager.closeExpired();
 
         // Time has not expired yet.
         Assertions.assertEquals(1, connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
         Assertions.assertEquals(1, connManager.getStats(route).getAvailable());
 
         Thread.sleep(150);
 
         connManager.closeExpired();
 
         // Time expired now, connections are destroyed.
         Assertions.assertEquals(0, connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
         Assertions.assertEquals(0, connManager.getStats(route).getAvailable());
 
         connManager.close();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCloseExpiredTTLConnections() throws Exception {
         final ClassicTestServer server = startServer();
         server.registerHandler("/random/*", new RandomHandler());
         final HttpHost target = targetHost();
 
         testResources.startClient(
                 builder -> builder
                         .setPoolConcurrencyPolicy(PoolConcurrencyPolicy.STRICT)
                         .setConnPoolPolicy(PoolReusePolicy.LIFO)
                         .setDefaultConnectionConfig(ConnectionConfig.custom()
                                 .setTimeToLive(TimeValue.ofMilliseconds(100))
                                 .build())
                         .setMaxConnTotal(1),
                 builder -> {}
         );
 
         final PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connManager = testResources.connManager();
         connManager.setMaxTotal(1);
 
         final HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(target, null, false);
         final HttpContext context = new BasicHttpContext();
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest1 = connManager.lease("id1", route, null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint1 = leaseRequest1.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         connManager.connect(endpoint1, null, context);
 
         Assertions.assertEquals(1, connManager.getTotalStats().getLeased());
         Assertions.assertEquals(1, connManager.getStats(route).getLeased());
         // Release, let remain idle for forever
         connManager.release(endpoint1, null, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND);
 
         // Released, still active.
         Assertions.assertEquals(1, connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
         Assertions.assertEquals(1, connManager.getStats(route).getAvailable());
 
         connManager.closeExpired();
 
         // Time has not expired yet.
         Assertions.assertEquals(1, connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
         Assertions.assertEquals(1, connManager.getStats(route).getAvailable());
 
         Thread.sleep(150);
 
         connManager.closeExpired();
 
         // TTL expired now, connections are destroyed.
         Assertions.assertEquals(0, connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
         Assertions.assertEquals(0, connManager.getStats(route).getAvailable());
 
         connManager.close();
     }
 
 }