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    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
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    * distributed with this work for additional information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
   * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
   * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
   * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
   * specific language governing permissions and limitations
   * under the License.
   * ====================================================================
   *
   * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
   * individuals on behalf of the Apache Software Foundation.  For more
   * information on the Apache Software Foundation, please see
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  package org.apache.hc.client5.testing.sync;
  
  import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
  
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.HttpRoute;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.io.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.io.ConnectionEndpoint;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.io.LeaseRequest;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
  import org.apache.hc.client5.http.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ClassicHttpRequest;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.ClassicHttpResponse;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpHost;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.HttpStatus;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.impl.io.HttpRequestExecutor;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.message.BasicClassicHttpRequest;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.BasicHttpContext;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.DefaultHttpProcessor;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.HttpContext;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.HttpProcessor;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.RequestConnControl;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.RequestContent;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.http.protocol.RequestTargetHost;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.pool.PoolConcurrencyPolicy;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.pool.PoolReusePolicy;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.util.TimeValue;
  import org.apache.hc.core5.util.Timeout;
  import org.junit.Assert;
  import org.junit.Test;
  
  /**
   * Tests for {@code PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager} that do require a server
   * to communicate with.
   */
  public class TestConnectionManagement extends LocalServerTestBase {
  
      /**
       * Tests releasing and re-using a connection after a response is read.
       */
      @Test
      public void testReleaseConnection() throws Exception {
  
          this.connManager.setMaxTotal(1);
  
          final HttpHost target = start();
          final HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(target, null, false);
          final int      rsplen = 8;
          final String      uri = "/random/" + rsplen;
  
          final ClassicHttpRequest request = new BasicClassicHttpRequest("GET", target, uri);
          final HttpContext context = new BasicHttpContext();
  
          final LeaseRequest leaseRequest1 = this.connManager.lease("id1", route,null);
          final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint1 = leaseRequest1.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
  
          this.connManager.connect(endpoint1, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND, context);
  
          final HttpProcessor httpProcessor = new DefaultHttpProcessor(
                  new RequestTargetHost(), new RequestContent(), new RequestConnControl());
  
          final HttpRequestExecutor exec = new HttpRequestExecutor();
          exec.preProcess(request, httpProcessor, context);
          try (final ClassicHttpResponse response1 = endpoint1.execute("id1", request, exec, context)) {
              Assert.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response1.getCode());
          }
  
          // check that there is no auto-release by default
          try {
              // this should fail quickly, connection has not been released
              final LeaseRequest leaseRequest2 = this.connManager.lease("id2", route,null);
             leaseRequest2.get(Timeout.ofMilliseconds(10));
             Assert.fail("TimeoutException expected");
         } catch (final TimeoutException ex) {
             // expected
         }
 
         endpoint1.close();
         this.connManager.release(endpoint1, null, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND);
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest2 = this.connManager.lease("id2", route,null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint2 = leaseRequest2.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         Assert.assertFalse(endpoint2.isConnected());
 
         this.connManager.connect(endpoint2, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND, context);
 
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response2 = endpoint2.execute("id2", request, exec, context)) {
             Assert.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response2.getCode());
         }
 
         // release connection after marking it for re-use
         // expect the next connection obtained to be open
         this.connManager.release(endpoint2, null, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND);
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest3 = this.connManager.lease("id3", route,null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint3 = leaseRequest3.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         Assert.assertTrue(endpoint3.isConnected());
 
         // repeat the communication, no need to prepare the request again
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response3 = endpoint3.execute("id3", request, exec, context)) {
             Assert.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response3.getCode());
         }
 
         this.connManager.release(endpoint3, null, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND);
         this.connManager.close();
     }
 
     /**
      * Tests releasing with time limits.
      */
     @Test
     public void testReleaseConnectionWithTimeLimits() throws Exception {
 
         this.connManager.setMaxTotal(1);
 
         final HttpHost target = start();
         final HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(target, null, false);
         final int      rsplen = 8;
         final String      uri = "/random/" + rsplen;
 
         final ClassicHttpRequest request = new BasicClassicHttpRequest("GET", target, uri);
         final HttpContext context = new BasicHttpContext();
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest1 = this.connManager.lease("id1", route,null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint1 = leaseRequest1.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         this.connManager.connect(endpoint1, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND, context);
 
         final HttpProcessor httpProcessor = new DefaultHttpProcessor(
                 new RequestTargetHost(), new RequestContent(), new RequestConnControl());
 
         final HttpRequestExecutor exec = new HttpRequestExecutor();
         exec.preProcess(request, httpProcessor, context);
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response1 = endpoint1.execute("id1", request, exec, context)) {
             Assert.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response1.getCode());
         }
 
         // check that there is no auto-release by default
         try {
             // this should fail quickly, connection has not been released
             final LeaseRequest leaseRequest2 = this.connManager.lease("id2", route,null);
             leaseRequest2.get(Timeout.ofMilliseconds(10));
             Assert.fail("TimeoutException expected");
         } catch (final TimeoutException ex) {
             // expected
         }
 
         endpoint1.close();
         this.connManager.release(endpoint1, null, TimeValue.ofMilliseconds(100));
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest2 = this.connManager.lease("id2", route,null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint2 = leaseRequest2.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         Assert.assertFalse(endpoint2.isConnected());
 
         this.connManager.connect(endpoint2, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND, context);
 
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response2 = endpoint2.execute("id2", request, exec, context)) {
             Assert.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response2.getCode());
         }
 
         this.connManager.release(endpoint2, null, TimeValue.ofMilliseconds(100));
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest3 = this.connManager.lease("id3", route,null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint3 = leaseRequest3.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         Assert.assertTrue(endpoint3.isConnected());
 
         // repeat the communication, no need to prepare the request again
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response3 = endpoint3.execute("id3", request, exec, context)) {
             Assert.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response3.getCode());
         }
 
         this.connManager.release(endpoint3, null, TimeValue.ofMilliseconds(100));
         Thread.sleep(150);
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest4 = this.connManager.lease("id4", route,null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint4 = leaseRequest4.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         Assert.assertFalse(endpoint4.isConnected());
 
         // repeat the communication, no need to prepare the request again
         this.connManager.connect(endpoint4, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND, context);
 
         try (final ClassicHttpResponse response4 = endpoint4.execute("id4", request, exec, context)) {
             Assert.assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, response4.getCode());
         }
 
         this.connManager.close();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCloseExpiredIdleConnections() throws Exception {
 
         this.connManager.setMaxTotal(1);
 
         final HttpHost target = start();
         final HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(target, null, false);
         final HttpContext context = new BasicHttpContext();
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest1 = this.connManager.lease("id1", route,null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint1 = leaseRequest1.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         this.connManager.connect(endpoint1, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND, context);
 
         Assert.assertEquals(1, this.connManager.getTotalStats().getLeased());
         Assert.assertEquals(1, this.connManager.getStats(route).getLeased());
 
         this.connManager.release(endpoint1, null, TimeValue.ofMilliseconds(100));
 
         // Released, still active.
         Assert.assertEquals(1, this.connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
         Assert.assertEquals(1, this.connManager.getStats(route).getAvailable());
 
         this.connManager.closeExpired();
 
         // Time has not expired yet.
         Assert.assertEquals(1, this.connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
         Assert.assertEquals(1, this.connManager.getStats(route).getAvailable());
 
         Thread.sleep(150);
 
         this.connManager.closeExpired();
 
         // Time expired now, connections are destroyed.
         Assert.assertEquals(0, this.connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
         Assert.assertEquals(0, this.connManager.getStats(route).getAvailable());
 
         this.connManager.close();
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testCloseExpiredTTLConnections() throws Exception {
 
         this.connManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(
                 RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
                         .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
                         .register("https", SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
                         .build(),
                 PoolConcurrencyPolicy.STRICT,
                 PoolReusePolicy.LIFO,
                 TimeValue.ofMilliseconds(100));
         this.clientBuilder.setConnectionManager(this.connManager);
 
         this.connManager.setMaxTotal(1);
 
         final HttpHost target = start();
         final HttpRoute route = new HttpRoute(target, null, false);
         final HttpContext context = new BasicHttpContext();
 
         final LeaseRequest leaseRequest1 = this.connManager.lease("id1", route,null);
         final ConnectionEndpoint endpoint1 = leaseRequest1.get(Timeout.ZERO_MILLISECONDS);
         this.connManager.connect(endpoint1, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND, context);
 
         Assert.assertEquals(1, this.connManager.getTotalStats().getLeased());
         Assert.assertEquals(1, this.connManager.getStats(route).getLeased());
         // Release, let remain idle for forever
         this.connManager.release(endpoint1, null, TimeValue.NEG_ONE_MILLISECOND);
 
         // Released, still active.
         Assert.assertEquals(1, this.connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
         Assert.assertEquals(1, this.connManager.getStats(route).getAvailable());
 
         this.connManager.closeExpired();
 
         // Time has not expired yet.
         Assert.assertEquals(1, this.connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
         Assert.assertEquals(1, this.connManager.getStats(route).getAvailable());
 
         Thread.sleep(150);
 
         this.connManager.closeExpired();
 
         // TTL expired now, connections are destroyed.
         Assert.assertEquals(0, this.connManager.getTotalStats().getAvailable());
         Assert.assertEquals(0, this.connManager.getStats(route).getAvailable());
 
         this.connManager.close();
     }
 
 }