001/*
002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
003 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
007 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
008 *
009 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
010 *
011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
015 * limitations under the License.
016 */
017package org.apache.commons.validator.routines;
018
019import java.io.Serializable;
020import java.net.IDN;
021import java.util.Arrays;
022import java.util.List;
023import java.util.Locale;
024
025/**
026 * <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p>
027 *
028 * <p>
029 * This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names
030 * and top-level domains.
031 * </p>
032 *
033 * <p>Domain names are evaluated according
034 * to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>,
035 * section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>,
036 * section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of
037 * other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example,
038 * validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the
039 * same name would have passed.
040 * </p>
041 *
042 * <p>
043 * Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and
044 * maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
045 * </p>
046 *
047 *   <ul>
048 *     <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs
049 *         (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li>
050 *     <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs
051 *         (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li>
052 *     <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs
053 *         (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li>
054 *   </ul>
055 *
056 * <p>
057 * (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or
058 * methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see
059 * {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.)
060 * </p>
061 *
062 * @since 1.4
063 */
064public class DomainValidator implements Serializable {
065
066    /**
067     * enum used by {@link DomainValidator#updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])}
068     * to determine which override array to update / fetch
069     * @since 1.5.0
070     * @since 1.5.1 made public and added read-only array references
071     */
072    public enum ArrayType {
073        /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal generic TLDs */
074        GENERIC_PLUS,
075        /** Update (or get a copy of) the GENERIC_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted generic TLDs */
076        GENERIC_MINUS,
077        /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_PLUS table containing additonal country code TLDs */
078        COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS,
079        /** Update (or get a copy of) the COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted country code TLDs */
080        COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS,
081        /** Gets a copy of the generic TLDS table */
082        GENERIC_RO,
083        /** Gets a copy of the country code table */
084        COUNTRY_CODE_RO,
085        /** Gets a copy of the infrastructure table */
086        INFRASTRUCTURE_RO,
087        /** Gets a copy of the local table */
088        LOCAL_RO,
089        /**
090         * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_PLUS table containing additional local TLDs
091         * @since 1.7
092         */
093        LOCAL_PLUS,
094        /**
095         * Update (or get a copy of) the LOCAL_TLDS_MINUS table containing deleted local TLDs
096         * @since 1.7
097         */
098        LOCAL_MINUS
099        ;
100    }
101
102    private static class IDNBUGHOLDER {
103        private static final boolean IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS = keepsTrailingDot();
104        private static boolean keepsTrailingDot() {
105            final String input = "a."; // must be a valid name
106            return input.equals(IDN.toASCII(input));
107        }
108    }
109
110    /**
111     * Used to specify overrides when creating a new class.
112     * @since 1.7
113     */
114    public static class Item {
115        final ArrayType type;
116        final String[] values;
117
118        /**
119         * Constructs a new instance.
120         * @param type ArrayType, e.g. GENERIC_PLUS, LOCAL_PLUS
121         * @param values array of TLDs. Will be lower-cased and sorted
122         */
123        public Item(final ArrayType type, final String... values) {
124            this.type = type;
125            this.values = values; // no need to copy here
126        }
127    }
128
129    // Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123)
130
131    private static class LazyHolder { // IODH
132
133        /**
134         * Singleton instance of this validator, which
135         *  doesn't consider local addresses as valid.
136         */
137        private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false);
138
139        /**
140         * Singleton instance of this validator, which does
141         *  consider local addresses valid.
142         */
143        private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true);
144
145    }
146
147    /** Maximum allowable length ({@value}) of a domain name */
148    private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253;
149
150    private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = {};
151
152    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4407125112880174009L;
153
154    // RFC2396: domainlabel   = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
155    // Max 63 characters
156    private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
157
158    // RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
159    // Max 63 characters
160    private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
161
162    /**
163     * The above instances must only be returned via the getInstance() methods.
164     * This is to ensure that the override data arrays are properly protected.
165     */
166
167    // RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
168    // Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas
169    // the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present.
170    // If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex)
171    // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
172    private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX =
173            "^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$";
174    private static final String UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE = "Unexpected enum value: ";
175
176    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
177    private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = {
178        "arpa",               // internet infrastructure
179    };
180
181    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
182    private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = {
183        // Taken from Version 2024040200, Last Updated Tue Apr  2 07:07:02 2024 UTC
184        "aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc.
185        "aarp", // aarp AARP
186        // "abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
187        "abb", // abb ABB Ltd
188        "abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
189        "abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc.
190        "abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc.
191        "able", // able Able Inc.
192        "abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
193        "abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
194        "academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC
195        "accenture", // accenture Accenture plc
196        "accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited
197        "accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC
198        "aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH &amp; Co. KG
199//        "active", // active The Active Network, Inc
200        "actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd.
201//        "adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC)
202        "ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc.
203        "adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC
204        "aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux
205        "aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA)
206        "aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company
207//        "afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
208        "afl", // afl Australian Football League
209        "africa", // africa ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa
210        "agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
211        "agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC
212        "aig", // aig American International Group, Inc.
213//        "aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
214        "airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S.
215        "airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd.
216        "airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited
217        "akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
218        // "alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
219        "alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited
220        "alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited
221        "allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
222        "allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
223        "ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc.
224        "alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE
225        "alstom", // alstom ALSTOM
226        "amazon", // amazon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
227        "americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
228        "americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc.
229        "amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
230        "amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc.
231        "amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company
232        "amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam
233        "analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC
234        "android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc.
235        "anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
236        "anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
237        "aol", // aol AOL Inc.
238        "apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC
239        "app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc.
240        "apple", // apple Apple Inc.
241        "aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com
242        "arab", // arab League of Arab States
243        "aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company
244        "archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED
245        "army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd.
246        "art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited
247        "arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.
248        "asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
249        "asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd.
250        "associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC
251        "athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc.
252        "attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd
253        "auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd.
254        "audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
255        "audible", // audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
256        "audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp.
257        "auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation
258        "author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
259        "auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp.
260        "autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC
261        // "avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca
262        "aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
263        "axa", // axa AXA SA
264        "azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation
265        "baby", // baby Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
266        "baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc.
267        "banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc.
268        // "bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc.
269        "band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd
270        "bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC
271        "bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
272        "barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona
273        "barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC
274        "barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC
275        "barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
276        "bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC
277        "baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
278        "basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
279        "bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH
280        "bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH
281        "bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation
282        "bbt", // bbt BB&amp;T Corporation
283        "bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
284        "bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
285        "bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona
286        "beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC
287        "beauty", // beauty L&#39;Oréal
288        "beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
289        "bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited
290        "berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH &amp; Co. KG
291        "best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd
292        "bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc.
293        "bet", // bet Afilias plc
294        "bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited
295        "bible", // bible American Bible Society
296        "bid", // bid dot Bid Limited
297        "bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC
298        "bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation
299        "bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC
300        "bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED
301        "biz", // biz Neustar, Inc.
302        "black", // black Afilias Limited
303        "blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp.
304//        "blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG
305        "blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation
306        "blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC
307        "bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC
308        "blue", // blue Afilias Limited
309        "bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
310        "bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
311//        "bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
312        "bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas
313        "boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC
314        "boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
315        "bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc.
316        "bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
317        "bond", // bond Bond University Limited
318        "boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
319        "book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
320        "booking", // booking Booking.com B.V.
321//        "boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC
322        "bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH
323        "bostik", // bostik Bostik SA
324        "boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC
325        "bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
326        "boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC
327        "box", // box NS1 Limited
328        "bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A.
329        "bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation
330        "broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc.
331        "broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD
332        "brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd.
333        "brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw
334//        "budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
335//        "bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA
336        "build", // build Plan Bee LLC
337        "builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC
338        "business", // business Spring Cross, LLC
339        "buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC
340        "buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO.
341        "bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh
342        "cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC
343        "cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC
344        "cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc.
345        "call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
346        "calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC
347        "cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V.
348        "camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC
349        "camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC
350//        "cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation
351        "canon", // canon Canon Inc.
352        "capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
353        "capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC
354        "capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation
355        "car", // car Cars Registry Limited
356        "caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc.
357        "cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC
358        "care", // care Goose Cross, LLC
359        "career", // career dotCareer LLC
360        "careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC
361        "cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp.
362//        "cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc.
363        "casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
364        "case", // case CNH Industrial N.V.
365//        "caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V.
366        "cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC
367        "casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC
368        "cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT
369        "catering", // catering New Falls. LLC
370        "catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
371        "cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
372        "cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc.
373        "cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc.
374        // "cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc.
375//        "ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company
376        "center", // center Tin Mill, LLC
377        "ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd
378        "cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research (&quot;CERN&quot;)
379        "cfa", // cfa CFA Institute
380        "cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD
381        "chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V.
382        "channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc.
383        "charity", // charity Corn Lake, LLC
384        "chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
385        "chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC
386        "cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC
387        "chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation
388//        "chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
389        "christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp.
390        "chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc.
391//        "chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC.
392        "church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC
393        "cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl
394        "circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
395        "cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc.
396        "citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC
397        "citi", // citi Citigroup Inc.
398        "citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation
399        "city", // city Snow Sky, LLC
400        // "cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
401        "claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC
402        "cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC
403        "click", // click Uniregistry, Corp.
404        "clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC
405        "clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
406        "clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC
407        "cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A.
408        "club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC
409        "clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A.
410        "coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC
411        "codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC
412        "coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC
413        "college", // college XYZ.COM LLC
414        "cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
415        "com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services
416        // "comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
417        "commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
418        "community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC
419        "company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC
420        "compare", // compare iSelect Ltd
421        "computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC
422        "comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc.
423        "condos", // condos Pine House, LLC
424        "construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC
425        "consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD.
426        "contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
427        "contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC
428        "cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
429        // "cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
430        "cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC
431        "coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC
432        "corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse
433        "country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
434        "coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
435        "coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC
436        "courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
437        "cpa", // cpa American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
438        "credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC
439        "creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC
440        "creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC
441        "cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited
442        "crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation
443        "crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
444        "cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
445        "cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC
446//        "csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc.
447        "cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S.
448        "cymru", // cymru Nominet UK
449        "cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
450        "dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited
451        "dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc.
452        "dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd.
453        "data", // data Dish DBS Corporation
454        "date", // date dot Date Limited
455        "dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC
456        "datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
457        "day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc.
458        "dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc.
459        "dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited
460        "deal", // deal Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
461        "dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc.
462        "deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC
463        "degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd
464        "delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC
465        "dell", // dell Dell Inc.
466        "deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
467        "delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc.
468        "democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd.
469        "dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC
470        "dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd
471        "desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC
472        "design", // design Top Level Design, LLC
473        "dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc.
474        "dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG
475        "diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC
476        "diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp.
477        "digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC
478        "direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC
479        "directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC
480        "discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC
481        "discover", // discover Discover Financial Services
482        "dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation
483        "diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
484        "dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
485        "docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc.
486        "doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC
487//        "dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC.
488        "dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC
489//        "doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
490        "domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC
491//            "doosan", // doosan Doosan Corporation (retired)
492        "dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation
493        "download", // download dot Support Limited
494        "drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc.
495        "dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation
496        "dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department
497//        "duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
498        "dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
499//        "duns", // duns The Dun &amp; Bradstreet Corporation
500        "dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
501        "durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
502        "dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
503        "dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
504        "earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd.
505        "eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc.
506        "eco", // eco Big Room Inc.
507        "edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.
508        "edu", // edu EDUCAUSE
509        "education", // education Brice Way, LLC
510        "email", // email Spring Madison, LLC
511        "emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA
512        "energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC
513        "engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd.
514        "engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon
515        "enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC
516//        "epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG
517        "epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation
518        "equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC
519        "ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
520        "erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG
521        "esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc.
522        "estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC
523        // "esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
524        // "etisalat", // etisalat Emirates Telecommunic
525        "eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
526        "eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa
527        "events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC
528//        "everbank", // everbank EverBank
529        "exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC
530        "expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC
531        "exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC
532        "express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC
533        "extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC
534        "fage", // fage Fage International S.A.
535        "fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC
536        "fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC
537        "faith", // faith dot Faith Limited
538        "family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd.
539        "fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd
540        "fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited
541        "farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC
542        "farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange
543        "fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
544        "fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
545        "fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation
546        "feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
547        "ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
548        "ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
549        // "fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
550        "fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
551        "fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
552        "film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd
553        "final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
554        "finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC
555        "financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC
556        "fire", // fire Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
557        "firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation
558        "firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited
559        "fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC
560        "fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
561        "fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited
562        "fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC
563        "flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
564        "flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC
565        "flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc.
566        "florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC
567        "flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp.
568//        "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S retired 2016-07-22
569        "fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc.
570        "foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
571        "food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
572        // "foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
573        "football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC
574        "ford", // ford Ford Motor Company
575        "forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD
576        "forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC
577        "forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC
578        "foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC
579        "fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC
580        "free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
581        "fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH
582        "frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V.
583        "frogans", // frogans OP3FT
584        // "frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
585        "frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation
586        "ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation
587        "fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited
588//        "fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC
589        "fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc.
590        "fund", // fund John Castle, LLC
591        "furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC
592        "futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
593        "fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC
594        "gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL
595        "gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC
596        "gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
597        "gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc.
598        "game", // game Uniregistry, Corp.
599        "games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd.
600        "gap", // gap The Gap, Inc.
601        "garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
602        "gay", // gay Top Level Design, LLC
603        "gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc.
604        "gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems"
605        "gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft
606        "gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA
607        "genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd.
608        "george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
609        "ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc.
610        "gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp.
611        "gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC
612        "gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd.
613        "giving", // giving Giving Limited
614//        "glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
615        "glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC
616        "gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc.
617        "global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited
618        "globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
619        "gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc.
620        "gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC
621        "gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc.
622        "gmx", // gmx 1&amp;1 Mail &amp; Media GmbH
623        "godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC
624        "gold", // gold June Edge, LLC
625        "goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
626        "golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC
627        "goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc.
628//        "goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
629        "goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire &amp; Rubber Company
630        "goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc.
631        "google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc.
632        "gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc.
633        "got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
634        "gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration)
635        "grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC
636        "graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC
637        "gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC
638        "green", // green Afilias Limited
639        "gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC
640        "grocery", // grocery Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
641        "group", // group Romeo Town, LLC
642        // "guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America
643        "gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a.
644        "guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc.
645        "guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC
646        "guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp.
647        "guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC
648        "hair", // hair L&#39;Oreal
649        "hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH
650        "hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc.
651        "haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD.
652        "hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc.
653        "hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
654        "hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited
655        "health", // health DotHealth, LLC
656        "healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC
657        "help", // help Uniregistry, Corp.
658        "helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki
659        "here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc.
660        "hermes", // hermes Hermes International
661        // "hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
662        "hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp.
663        "hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc.
664        "hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd.
665        "hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V.
666        "hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited
667        "hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC
668        "holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC
669        "holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC
670        "homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc.
671        "homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc.
672        "homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC
673        "homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc.
674        "honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
675//        "honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC
676        "horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
677        "hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC
678        "host", // host DotHost Inc.
679        "hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp.
680        "hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
681        // "hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL
682        "hotels", // hotels Booking.com B.V.
683        "hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation
684        "house", // house Sugar Park, LLC
685        "how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc.
686        "hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC
687//        "htc", // htc HTC corporation (Not assigned)
688        "hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
689        "hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C.
690        "hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company
691        "ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation
692        "icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
693        "ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.
694        "icu", // icu One.com A/S
695        "ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC
696        "ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh
697//        "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. (Retired)
698        "ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A.
699        "imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
700        "imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
701        "immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC
702        "immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd.
703        "inc", // inc Intercap Holdings Inc.
704        "industries", // industries Outer House, LLC
705        "infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
706        "info", // info Afilias Limited
707        "ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc.
708        "ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC
709        "institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC
710        "insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC
711        "insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC
712        "int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
713//        "intel", // intel Intel Corporation
714        "international", // international Wild Way, LLC
715        "intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
716        "investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC
717        "ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A.
718        "irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC
719//        "iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd
720        "ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
721        "ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
722        "istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S.
723        "itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A.
724        "itv", // itv ITV Services Limited
725//        "iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V.
726//        "iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc.
727        "jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
728        "java", // java Oracle Corporation
729        "jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd.
730//        "jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc.
731        "jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC.
732        "jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB
733        "jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC
734        "jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc.
735//        "jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc.
736        "jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
737        "jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC
738        "jnj", // jnj Johnson &amp; Johnson Services, Inc.
739        "jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC
740        "joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
741        "jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
742        "joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
743        "jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co.
744        "jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
745        "juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp.
746        "juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
747        "kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd.
748        "kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION
749        "kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited
750        "kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited
751        "kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited
752        "kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House
753        "kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION
754        "kids", // kids DotKids Foundation Limited
755        "kim", // kim Afilias Limited
756        // "kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
757        "kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
758        "kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC
759        "kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED
760        "koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
761        "komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd.
762        "kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC
763        "kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft)
764        "kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V.
765        "krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology
766        "kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd
767        "kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited
768        "kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen
769        "lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D&#39;ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA
770//        "ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC
771        "lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
772        "lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
773        "lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER
774        // "lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
775//        "lancome", // lancome L&#39;Oréal
776        "land", // land Pine Moon, LLC
777        "landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
778        "lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation
779        "lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
780        "lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico
781        "latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation
782        "latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University
783        "law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited
784        "lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd
785        "lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC
786        "lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC
787        "leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
788        "lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc.
789        "legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC
790        "lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S
791        "lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
792        "lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited
793//        "liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated
794        "lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
795        "life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC
796        "lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers
797        "lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
798        "lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC
799        "like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
800        "lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company
801        "limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC
802        "limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC
803        "lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company
804        // "linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft
805        "link", // link Uniregistry, Corp.
806        "lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd
807        "live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd.
808        "living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
809//        "lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation
810        "llc", // llc Afilias plc
811        "llp", // llp Dot Registry LLC
812        "loan", // loan dot Loan Limited
813        "loans", // loans June Woods, LLC
814        "locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation
815        "locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC
816//        "loft", // loft Annco, Inc.
817        "lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp.
818        "london", // london Dot London Domains Limited
819        "lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
820        "lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited
821        "love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP
822        "lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc.
823        "lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc.
824        "ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC
825        "ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp.
826        "lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S
827//        "lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED
828        "luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
829        "luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC
830        // "macys", // macys Macys, Inc.
831        "madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid
832        "maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)
833        "maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC
834        "makeup", // makeup L&#39;Oréal
835        "man", // man MAN SE
836        "management", // management John Goodbye, LLC
837        "mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L.
838        "map", // map Charleston Road Registry Inc.
839        "market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd
840        "marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC
841        "markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD
842        "marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation
843        "marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc.
844        // "maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
845        "mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc.
846        "mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC
847//        "mcd", // mcd McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
848//        "mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald’s Corporation (Not assigned)
849        "mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc.
850        "med", // med Medistry LLC
851        "media", // media Grand Glen, LLC
852        "meet", // meet Afilias Limited
853        "melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation
854        "meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc.
855        "memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC
856        "men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited
857        "menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC
858//        "meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
859        "merckmsd", // merckmsd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
860//        "metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC
861        "miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
862        "microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation
863        "mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center
864        "mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
865        "mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
866        "mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology
867        "mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation
868        "mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
869        "mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association
870        "mma", // mma MMA IARD
871        "mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi
872        "mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation
873//        "mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
874        "moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd.
875        "moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd.
876        "moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
877        "mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp.
878        "monash", // monash Monash University
879        "money", // money Outer McCook, LLC
880        "monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc.
881//        "montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc. (Not assigned)
882//        "mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC.
883        "mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC (&quot;Applicant&quot;)
884        "mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd
885        "moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
886        "moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
887        "motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC
888        "mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc.
889        "movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC
890//        "movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A.
891        "msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
892        "mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited
893//        "mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation (Retired)
894        "mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited
895        "museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association
896        "music", // music DotMusic Limited
897        // "mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC
898//        "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française (Retired)
899        "nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited
900//        "nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc
901        "nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc.
902        "name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc.
903//        "nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
904        "natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A.
905        "navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd.
906        "nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC
907        "nec", // nec NEC Corporation
908        "net", // net VeriSign Global Registry Services
909        "netbank", // netbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
910        "netflix", // netflix Netflix, Inc.
911        "network", // network Trixy Manor, LLC
912        "neustar", // neustar NeuStar, Inc.
913        "new", // new Charleston Road Registry Inc.
914//        "newholland", // newholland CNH Industrial N.V.
915        "news", // news United TLD Holdco Ltd.
916        "next", // next Next plc
917        "nextdirect", // nextdirect Next plc
918        "nexus", // nexus Charleston Road Registry Inc.
919        "nfl", // nfl NFL Reg Ops LLC
920        "ngo", // ngo Public Interest Registry
921        "nhk", // nhk Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)
922        "nico", // nico DWANGO Co., Ltd.
923        "nike", // nike NIKE, Inc.
924        "nikon", // nikon NIKON CORPORATION
925        "ninja", // ninja United TLD Holdco Ltd.
926        "nissan", // nissan NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
927        "nissay", // nissay Nippon Life Insurance Company
928        "nokia", // nokia Nokia Corporation
929        // "northwesternmutual", // northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC
930        "norton", // norton Symantec Corporation
931        "now", // now Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
932        "nowruz", // nowruz Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
933        "nowtv", // nowtv Starbucks (HK) Limited
934        "nra", // nra NRA Holdings Company, INC.
935        "nrw", // nrw Minds + Machines GmbH
936        "ntt", // ntt NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION
937        "nyc", // nyc The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology &amp; Telecommunications
938        "obi", // obi OBI Group Holding SE &amp; Co. KGaA
939        "observer", // observer Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
940//        "off", // off Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
941        "office", // office Microsoft Corporation
942        "okinawa", // okinawa BusinessRalliart inc.
943        "olayan", // olayan Crescent Holding GmbH
944        "olayangroup", // olayangroup Crescent Holding GmbH
945        // "oldnavy", // oldnavy The Gap, Inc.
946        "ollo", // ollo Dish DBS Corporation
947        "omega", // omega The Swatch Group Ltd
948        "one", // one One.com A/S
949        "ong", // ong Public Interest Registry
950        "onl", // onl I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
951        "online", // online DotOnline Inc.
952//        "onyourside", // onyourside Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
953        "ooo", // ooo INFIBEAM INCORPORATION LIMITED
954        "open", // open American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
955        "oracle", // oracle Oracle Corporation
956        "orange", // orange Orange Brand Services Limited
957        "org", // org Public Interest Registry (PIR)
958        "organic", // organic Afilias Limited
959//        "orientexpress", // orientexpress Orient Express (retired 2017-04-11)
960        "origins", // origins The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
961        "osaka", // osaka Interlink Co., Ltd.
962        "otsuka", // otsuka Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd.
963        "ott", // ott Dish DBS Corporation
964        "ovh", // ovh OVH SAS
965        "page", // page Charleston Road Registry Inc.
966//        "pamperedchef", // pamperedchef The Pampered Chef, Ltd. (Not assigned)
967        "panasonic", // panasonic Panasonic Corporation
968//        "panerai", // panerai Richemont DNS Inc.
969        "paris", // paris City of Paris
970        "pars", // pars Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
971        "partners", // partners Magic Glen, LLC
972        "parts", // parts Sea Goodbye, LLC
973        "party", // party Blue Sky Registry Limited
974        // "passagens", // passagens Travel Reservations SRL
975        "pay", // pay Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
976        "pccw", // pccw PCCW Enterprises Limited
977        "pet", // pet Afilias plc
978        "pfizer", // pfizer Pfizer Inc.
979        "pharmacy", // pharmacy National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
980        "phd", // phd Charleston Road Registry Inc.
981        "philips", // philips Koninklijke Philips N.V.
982        "phone", // phone Dish DBS Corporation
983        "photo", // photo Uniregistry, Corp.
984        "photography", // photography Sugar Glen, LLC
985        "photos", // photos Sea Corner, LLC
986        "physio", // physio PhysBiz Pty Ltd
987//        "piaget", // piaget Richemont DNS Inc.
988        "pics", // pics Uniregistry, Corp.
989        "pictet", // pictet Pictet Europe S.A.
990        "pictures", // pictures Foggy Sky, LLC
991        "pid", // pid Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
992        "pin", // pin Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
993        "ping", // ping Ping Registry Provider, Inc.
994        "pink", // pink Afilias Limited
995        "pioneer", // pioneer Pioneer Corporation
996        "pizza", // pizza Foggy Moon, LLC
997        "place", // place Snow Galley, LLC
998        "play", // play Charleston Road Registry Inc.
999        "playstation", // playstation Sony Computer Entertainment Inc.
1000        "plumbing", // plumbing Spring Tigers, LLC
1001        "plus", // plus Sugar Mill, LLC
1002        "pnc", // pnc PNC Domain Co., LLC
1003        "pohl", // pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1004        "poker", // poker Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited
1005        "politie", // politie Politie Nederland
1006        "porn", // porn ICM Registry PN LLC
1007        "post", // post Universal Postal Union
1008        "pramerica", // pramerica Prudential Financial, Inc.
1009        "praxi", // praxi Praxi S.p.A.
1010        "press", // press DotPress Inc.
1011        "prime", // prime Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1012        "pro", // pro Registry Services Corporation dba RegistryPro
1013        "prod", // prod Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1014        "productions", // productions Magic Birch, LLC
1015        "prof", // prof Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1016        "progressive", // progressive Progressive Casualty Insurance Company
1017        "promo", // promo Afilias plc
1018        "properties", // properties Big Pass, LLC
1019        "property", // property Uniregistry, Corp.
1020        "protection", // protection XYZ.COM LLC
1021        "pru", // pru Prudential Financial, Inc.
1022        "prudential", // prudential Prudential Financial, Inc.
1023        "pub", // pub United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1024        "pwc", // pwc PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
1025        "qpon", // qpon dotCOOL, Inc.
1026        "quebec", // quebec PointQuébec Inc
1027        "quest", // quest Quest ION Limited
1028//        "qvc", // qvc QVC, Inc.
1029        "racing", // racing Premier Registry Limited
1030        "radio", // radio European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1031//        "raid", // raid Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1032        "read", // read Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1033        "realestate", // realestate dotRealEstate LLC
1034        "realtor", // realtor Real Estate Domains LLC
1035        "realty", // realty Fegistry, LLC
1036        "recipes", // recipes Grand Island, LLC
1037        "red", // red Afilias Limited
1038        "redstone", // redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd.
1039        "redumbrella", // redumbrella Travelers TLD, LLC
1040        "rehab", // rehab United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1041        "reise", // reise Foggy Way, LLC
1042        "reisen", // reisen New Cypress, LLC
1043        "reit", // reit National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc.
1044        "reliance", // reliance Reliance Industries Limited
1045        "ren", // ren Beijing Qianxiang Wangjing Technology Development Co., Ltd.
1046        "rent", // rent XYZ.COM LLC
1047        "rentals", // rentals Big Hollow,LLC
1048        "repair", // repair Lone Sunset, LLC
1049        "report", // report Binky Glen, LLC
1050        "republican", // republican United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1051        "rest", // rest Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
1052        "restaurant", // restaurant Snow Avenue, LLC
1053        "review", // review dot Review Limited
1054        "reviews", // reviews United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
1055        "rexroth", // rexroth Robert Bosch GMBH
1056        "rich", // rich I-REGISTRY Ltd., Niederlassung Deutschland
1057        "richardli", // richardli Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited
1058        "ricoh", // ricoh Ricoh Company, Ltd.
1059        // "rightathome", // rightathome Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. (retired 2020-07-31)
1060        "ril", // ril Reliance Industries Limited
1061        "rio", // rio Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO
1062        "rip", // rip United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1063//        "rmit", // rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology
1064        // "rocher", // rocher Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
1065        "rocks", // rocks United TLD Holdco, LTD.
1066        "rodeo", // rodeo Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1067        "rogers", // rogers Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
1068        "room", // room Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1069        "rsvp", // rsvp Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1070        "rugby", // rugby World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited
1071        "ruhr", // ruhr regiodot GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1072        "run", // run Snow Park, LLC
1073        "rwe", // rwe RWE AG
1074        "ryukyu", // ryukyu BusinessRalliart inc.
1075        "saarland", // saarland dotSaarland GmbH
1076        "safe", // safe Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1077        "safety", // safety Safety Registry Services, LLC.
1078        "sakura", // sakura SAKURA Internet Inc.
1079        "sale", // sale United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1080        "salon", // salon Outer Orchard, LLC
1081        "samsclub", // samsclub Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1082        "samsung", // samsung SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1083        "sandvik", // sandvik Sandvik AB
1084        "sandvikcoromant", // sandvikcoromant Sandvik AB
1085        "sanofi", // sanofi Sanofi
1086        "sap", // sap SAP AG
1087//        "sapo", // sapo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
1088        "sarl", // sarl Delta Orchard, LLC
1089        "sas", // sas Research IP LLC
1090        "save", // save Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1091        "saxo", // saxo Saxo Bank A/S
1092        "sbi", // sbi STATE BANK OF INDIA
1093        "sbs", // sbs SPECIAL BROADCASTING SERVICE CORPORATION
1094        // "sca", // sca SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ)
1095        "scb", // scb The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited (&quot;SCB&quot;)
1096        "schaeffler", // schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies AG &amp; Co. KG
1097        "schmidt", // schmidt SALM S.A.S.
1098        "scholarships", // scholarships Scholarships.com, LLC
1099        "school", // school Little Galley, LLC
1100        "schule", // schule Outer Moon, LLC
1101        "schwarz", // schwarz Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1102        "science", // science dot Science Limited
1103//        "scjohnson", // scjohnson Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
1104        // "scor", // scor SCOR SE (not assigned as at Version 2020062100)
1105        "scot", // scot Dot Scot Registry Limited
1106        "search", // search Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1107        "seat", // seat SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal)
1108        "secure", // secure Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1109        "security", // security XYZ.COM LLC
1110        "seek", // seek Seek Limited
1111        "select", // select iSelect Ltd
1112        "sener", // sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.
1113        "services", // services Fox Castle, LLC
1114//        "ses", // ses SES
1115        "seven", // seven Seven West Media Ltd
1116        "sew", // sew SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH &amp; Co KG
1117        "sex", // sex ICM Registry SX LLC
1118        "sexy", // sexy Uniregistry, Corp.
1119        "sfr", // sfr Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR
1120        "shangrila", // shangrila Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1121        "sharp", // sharp Sharp Corporation
1122        "shaw", // shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P.
1123        "shell", // shell Shell Information Technology International Inc
1124        "shia", // shia Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1125        "shiksha", // shiksha Afilias Limited
1126        "shoes", // shoes Binky Galley, LLC
1127        "shop", // shop GMO Registry, Inc.
1128        "shopping", // shopping Over Keep, LLC
1129        "shouji", // shouji QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1130        "show", // show Snow Beach, LLC
1131        // "showtime", // showtime CBS Domains Inc.
1132//        "shriram", // shriram Shriram Capital Ltd.
1133        "silk", // silk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1134        "sina", // sina Sina Corporation
1135        "singles", // singles Fern Madison, LLC
1136        "site", // site DotSite Inc.
1137        "ski", // ski STARTING DOT LIMITED
1138        "skin", // skin L&#39;Oréal
1139        "sky", // sky Sky International AG
1140        "skype", // skype Microsoft Corporation
1141        "sling", // sling Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
1142        "smart", // smart Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART)
1143        "smile", // smile Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1144        "sncf", // sncf SNCF (Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais)
1145        "soccer", // soccer Foggy Shadow, LLC
1146        "social", // social United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1147        "softbank", // softbank SoftBank Group Corp.
1148        "software", // software United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1149        "sohu", // sohu Sohu.com Limited
1150        "solar", // solar Ruby Town, LLC
1151        "solutions", // solutions Silver Cover, LLC
1152        "song", // song Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1153        "sony", // sony Sony Corporation
1154        "soy", // soy Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1155        "spa", // spa Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited
1156        "space", // space DotSpace Inc.
1157//        "spiegel", // spiegel SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH &amp; Co. KG
1158        "sport", // sport Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)
1159        "spot", // spot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1160//        "spreadbetting", // spreadbetting DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD
1161        "srl", // srl InterNetX Corp.
1162//        "srt", // srt FCA US LLC.
1163        "stada", // stada STADA Arzneimittel AG
1164        "staples", // staples Staples, Inc.
1165        "star", // star Star India Private Limited
1166//        "starhub", // starhub StarHub Limited
1167        "statebank", // statebank STATE BANK OF INDIA
1168        "statefarm", // statefarm State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
1169//        "statoil", // statoil Statoil ASA
1170        "stc", // stc Saudi Telecom Company
1171        "stcgroup", // stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company
1172        "stockholm", // stockholm Stockholms kommun
1173        "storage", // storage Self Storage Company LLC
1174        "store", // store DotStore Inc.
1175        "stream", // stream dot Stream Limited
1176        "studio", // studio United TLD Holdco Ltd.
1177        "study", // study OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
1178        "style", // style Binky Moon, LLC
1179        "sucks", // sucks Vox Populi Registry Ltd.
1180        "supplies", // supplies Atomic Fields, LLC
1181        "supply", // supply Half Falls, LLC
1182        "support", // support Grand Orchard, LLC
1183        "surf", // surf Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1184        "surgery", // surgery Tin Avenue, LLC
1185        "suzuki", // suzuki SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION
1186        "swatch", // swatch The Swatch Group Ltd
1187//        "swiftcover", // swiftcover Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited
1188        "swiss", // swiss Swiss Confederation
1189        "sydney", // sydney State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet
1190//        "symantec", // symantec Symantec Corporation [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1191        "systems", // systems Dash Cypress, LLC
1192        "tab", // tab Tabcorp Holdings Limited
1193        "taipei", // taipei Taipei City Government
1194        "talk", // talk Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1195        "taobao", // taobao Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1196        "target", // target Target Domain Holdings, LLC
1197        "tatamotors", // tatamotors Tata Motors Ltd
1198        "tatar", // tatar LLC "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic"
1199        "tattoo", // tattoo Uniregistry, Corp.
1200        "tax", // tax Storm Orchard, LLC
1201        "taxi", // taxi Pine Falls, LLC
1202        "tci", // tci Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1203        "tdk", // tdk TDK Corporation
1204        "team", // team Atomic Lake, LLC
1205        "tech", // tech Dot Tech LLC
1206        "technology", // technology Auburn Falls, LLC
1207        "tel", // tel Telnic Ltd.
1208//        "telecity", // telecity TelecityGroup International Limited
1209//        "telefonica", // telefonica Telefónica S.A.
1210        "temasek", // temasek Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1211        "tennis", // tennis Cotton Bloom, LLC
1212        "teva", // teva Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
1213        "thd", // thd Homer TLC, Inc.
1214        "theater", // theater Blue Tigers, LLC
1215        "theatre", // theatre XYZ.COM LLC
1216        "tiaa", // tiaa Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America
1217        "tickets", // tickets Accent Media Limited
1218        "tienda", // tienda Victor Manor, LLC
1219        // "tiffany", // tiffany Tiffany and Company
1220        "tips", // tips Corn Willow, LLC
1221        "tires", // tires Dog Edge, LLC
1222        "tirol", // tirol punkt Tirol GmbH
1223        "tjmaxx", // tjmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1224        "tjx", // tjx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1225        "tkmaxx", // tkmaxx The TJX Companies, Inc.
1226        "tmall", // tmall Alibaba Group Holding Limited
1227        "today", // today Pearl Woods, LLC
1228        "tokyo", // tokyo GMO Registry, Inc.
1229        "tools", // tools Pioneer North, LLC
1230        "top", // top Jiangsu Bangning Science &amp; Technology Co.,Ltd.
1231        "toray", // toray Toray Industries, Inc.
1232        "toshiba", // toshiba TOSHIBA Corporation
1233        "total", // total Total SA
1234        "tours", // tours Sugar Station, LLC
1235        "town", // town Koko Moon, LLC
1236        "toyota", // toyota TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
1237        "toys", // toys Pioneer Orchard, LLC
1238        "trade", // trade Elite Registry Limited
1239        "trading", // trading DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD
1240        "training", // training Wild Willow, LLC
1241        "travel", // travel Tralliance Registry Management Company, LLC.
1242        // "travelchannel", // travelchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1243        "travelers", // travelers Travelers TLD, LLC
1244        "travelersinsurance", // travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC
1245        "trust", // trust Artemis Internet Inc
1246        "trv", // trv Travelers TLD, LLC
1247        "tube", // tube Latin American Telecom LLC
1248        "tui", // tui TUI AG
1249        "tunes", // tunes Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1250        "tushu", // tushu Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1251        "tvs", // tvs T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR  &amp; SONS PRIVATE LIMITED
1252        "ubank", // ubank National Australia Bank Limited
1253        "ubs", // ubs UBS AG
1254//        "uconnect", // uconnect FCA US LLC.
1255        "unicom", // unicom China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1256        "university", // university Little Station, LLC
1257        "uno", // uno Dot Latin LLC
1258        "uol", // uol UBN INTERNET LTDA.
1259        "ups", // ups UPS Market Driver, Inc.
1260        "vacations", // vacations Atomic Tigers, LLC
1261        "vana", // vana Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
1262        "vanguard", // vanguard The Vanguard Group, Inc.
1263        "vegas", // vegas Dot Vegas, Inc.
1264        "ventures", // ventures Binky Lake, LLC
1265        "verisign", // verisign VeriSign, Inc.
1266        "versicherung", // versicherung dotversicherung-registry GmbH
1267        "vet", // vet United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1268        "viajes", // viajes Black Madison, LLC
1269        "video", // video United TLD Holdco, Ltd
1270        "vig", // vig VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe
1271        "viking", // viking Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
1272        "villas", // villas New Sky, LLC
1273        "vin", // vin Holly Shadow, LLC
1274        "vip", // vip Minds + Machines Group Limited
1275        "virgin", // virgin Virgin Enterprises Limited
1276        "visa", // visa Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited
1277        "vision", // vision Koko Station, LLC
1278//        "vista", // vista Vistaprint Limited
1279//        "vistaprint", // vistaprint Vistaprint Limited
1280        "viva", // viva Saudi Telecom Company
1281        "vivo", // vivo Telefonica Brasil S.A.
1282        "vlaanderen", // vlaanderen DNS.be vzw
1283        "vodka", // vodka Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1284        // "volkswagen", // volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America Inc.
1285        "volvo", // volvo Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag
1286        "vote", // vote Monolith Registry LLC
1287        "voting", // voting Valuetainment Corp.
1288        "voto", // voto Monolith Registry LLC
1289        "voyage", // voyage Ruby House, LLC
1290        // "vuelos", // vuelos Travel Reservations SRL
1291        "wales", // wales Nominet UK
1292        "walmart", // walmart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
1293        "walter", // walter Sandvik AB
1294        "wang", // wang Zodiac Registry Limited
1295        "wanggou", // wanggou Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1296//        "warman", // warman Weir Group IP Limited
1297        "watch", // watch Sand Shadow, LLC
1298        "watches", // watches Richemont DNS Inc.
1299        "weather", // weather The Weather Channel, LLC
1300        "weatherchannel", // weatherchannel The Weather Channel, LLC
1301        "webcam", // webcam dot Webcam Limited
1302        "weber", // weber Saint-Gobain Weber SA
1303        "website", // website DotWebsite Inc.
1304        "wed", // wed Atgron, Inc.
1305        "wedding", // wedding Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1306        "weibo", // weibo Sina Corporation
1307        "weir", // weir Weir Group IP Limited
1308        "whoswho", // whoswho Who&#39;s Who Registry
1309        "wien", // wien punkt.wien GmbH
1310        "wiki", // wiki Top Level Design, LLC
1311        "williamhill", // williamhill William Hill Organization Limited
1312        "win", // win First Registry Limited
1313        "windows", // windows Microsoft Corporation
1314        "wine", // wine June Station, LLC
1315        "winners", // winners The TJX Companies, Inc.
1316        "wme", // wme William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC
1317        "wolterskluwer", // wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer N.V.
1318        "woodside", // woodside Woodside Petroleum Limited
1319        "work", // work Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1320        "works", // works Little Dynamite, LLC
1321        "world", // world Bitter Fields, LLC
1322        "wow", // wow Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1323        "wtc", // wtc World Trade Centers Association, Inc.
1324        "wtf", // wtf Hidden Way, LLC
1325        "xbox", // xbox Microsoft Corporation
1326        "xerox", // xerox Xerox DNHC LLC
1327        // "xfinity", // xfinity Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
1328        "xihuan", // xihuan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1329        "xin", // xin Elegant Leader Limited
1330        "xn--11b4c3d", // कॉम VeriSign Sarl
1331        "xn--1ck2e1b", // セール Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1332        "xn--1qqw23a", // 佛山 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1333        "xn--30rr7y", // 慈善 Excellent First Limited
1334        "xn--3bst00m", // 集团 Eagle Horizon Limited
1335        "xn--3ds443g", // 在线 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1336//        "xn--3oq18vl8pn36a", // 大众汽车 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.
1337        "xn--3pxu8k", // 点看 VeriSign Sarl
1338        "xn--42c2d9a", // คอม VeriSign Sarl
1339        "xn--45q11c", // 八卦 Zodiac Scorpio Limited
1340        "xn--4gbrim", // موقع Suhub Electronic Establishment
1341        "xn--55qw42g", // 公益 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1342        "xn--55qx5d", // 公司 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
1343        "xn--5su34j936bgsg", // 香格里拉 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited
1344        "xn--5tzm5g", // 网站 Global Website TLD Asia Limited
1345        "xn--6frz82g", // 移动 Afilias Limited
1346        "xn--6qq986b3xl", // 我爱你 Tycoon Treasure Limited
1347        "xn--80adxhks", // москва Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
1348        "xn--80aqecdr1a", // католик Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1349        "xn--80asehdb", // онлайн CORE Association
1350        "xn--80aswg", // сайт CORE Association
1351        "xn--8y0a063a", // 联通 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited
1352        "xn--90ae", // бг Imena.BG Plc (NAMES.BG Plc)
1353        "xn--9dbq2a", // קום VeriSign Sarl
1354        "xn--9et52u", // 时尚 RISE VICTORY LIMITED
1355        "xn--9krt00a", // 微博 Sina Corporation
1356        "xn--b4w605ferd", // 淡马锡 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited
1357        "xn--bck1b9a5dre4c", // ファッション Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1358        "xn--c1avg", // орг Public Interest Registry
1359        "xn--c2br7g", // नेट VeriSign Sarl
1360        "xn--cck2b3b", // ストア Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1361        "xn--cckwcxetd", // アマゾン Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1362        "xn--cg4bki", // 삼성 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD
1363        "xn--czr694b", // 商标 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES(HOLDING) COMPANY.HONGKONG LIMITED
1364        "xn--czrs0t", // 商店 Wild Island, LLC
1365        "xn--czru2d", // 商城 Zodiac Aquarius Limited
1366        "xn--d1acj3b", // дети The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet”
1367        "xn--eckvdtc9d", // ポイント Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1368        "xn--efvy88h", // 新闻 Xinhua News Agency Guangdong Branch 新华通讯社广东分社
1369//        "xn--estv75g", // 工行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
1370        "xn--fct429k", // 家電 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1371        "xn--fhbei", // كوم VeriSign Sarl
1372        "xn--fiq228c5hs", // 中文网 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED
1373        "xn--fiq64b", // 中信 CITIC Group Corporation
1374        "xn--fjq720a", // 娱乐 Will Bloom, LLC
1375        "xn--flw351e", // 谷歌 Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1376        "xn--fzys8d69uvgm", // 電訊盈科 PCCW Enterprises Limited
1377        "xn--g2xx48c", // 购物 Minds + Machines Group Limited
1378        "xn--gckr3f0f", // クラウド Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1379        "xn--gk3at1e", // 通販 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1380        "xn--hxt814e", // 网店 Zodiac Libra Limited
1381        "xn--i1b6b1a6a2e", // संगठन Public Interest Registry
1382        "xn--imr513n", // 餐厅 HU YI GLOBAL INFORMATION RESOURCES (HOLDING) COMPANY. HONGKONG LIMITED
1383        "xn--io0a7i", // 网络 Computer Network Information Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (China Internet Network Information Center)
1384        "xn--j1aef", // ком VeriSign Sarl
1385        "xn--jlq480n2rg", // 亚马逊 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1386//        "xn--jlq61u9w7b", // 诺基亚 Nokia Corporation
1387        "xn--jvr189m", // 食品 Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1388        "xn--kcrx77d1x4a", // 飞利浦 Koninklijke Philips N.V.
1389//        "xn--kpu716f", // 手表 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1390        "xn--kput3i", // 手机 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd
1391        "xn--mgba3a3ejt", // ارامكو Aramco Services Company
1392        "xn--mgba7c0bbn0a", // العليان Crescent Holding GmbH
1393        // "xn--mgbaakc7dvf", // اتصالات Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)
1394        "xn--mgbab2bd", // بازار CORE Association
1395//        "xn--mgbb9fbpob", // موبايلي GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
1396        "xn--mgbca7dzdo", // ابوظبي Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
1397        "xn--mgbi4ecexp", // كاثوليك Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1398        "xn--mgbt3dhd", // همراه Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti.
1399        "xn--mk1bu44c", // 닷컴 VeriSign Sarl
1400        "xn--mxtq1m", // 政府 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd.
1401        "xn--ngbc5azd", // شبكة International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd.
1402        "xn--ngbe9e0a", // بيتك Kuwait Finance House
1403        "xn--ngbrx", // عرب League of Arab States
1404        "xn--nqv7f", // 机构 Public Interest Registry
1405        "xn--nqv7fs00ema", // 组织机构 Public Interest Registry
1406        "xn--nyqy26a", // 健康 Stable Tone Limited
1407        "xn--otu796d", // 招聘 Dot Trademark TLD Holding Company Limited
1408        "xn--p1acf", // рус Rusnames Limited
1409//        "xn--pbt977c", // 珠宝 Richemont DNS Inc. [Not assigned as of Jul 25]
1410        "xn--pssy2u", // 大拿 VeriSign Sarl
1411        "xn--q9jyb4c", // みんな Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1412        "xn--qcka1pmc", // グーグル Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1413        "xn--rhqv96g", // 世界 Stable Tone Limited
1414        "xn--rovu88b", // 書籍 Amazon EU S.à r.l.
1415        "xn--ses554g", // 网址 KNET Co., Ltd
1416        "xn--t60b56a", // 닷넷 VeriSign Sarl
1417        "xn--tckwe", // コム VeriSign Sarl
1418        "xn--tiq49xqyj", // 天主教 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
1419        "xn--unup4y", // 游戏 Spring Fields, LLC
1420        "xn--vermgensberater-ctb", // VERMöGENSBERATER Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1421        "xn--vermgensberatung-pwb", // VERMöGENSBERATUNG Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
1422        "xn--vhquv", // 企业 Dash McCook, LLC
1423        "xn--vuq861b", // 信息 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd.
1424        "xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra", // 嘉里大酒店 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1425        "xn--w4rs40l", // 嘉里 Kerry Trading Co. Limited
1426        "xn--xhq521b", // 广东 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd.
1427        "xn--zfr164b", // 政务 China Organizational Name Administration Center
1428//        "xperia", // xperia Sony Mobile Communications AB
1429        "xxx", // xxx ICM Registry LLC
1430        "xyz", // xyz XYZ.COM LLC
1431        "yachts", // yachts DERYachts, LLC
1432        "yahoo", // yahoo Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
1433        "yamaxun", // yamaxun Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1434        "yandex", // yandex YANDEX, LLC
1435        "yodobashi", // yodobashi YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
1436        "yoga", // yoga Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
1437        "yokohama", // yokohama GMO Registry, Inc.
1438        "you", // you Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1439        "youtube", // youtube Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1440        "yun", // yun QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
1441        "zappos", // zappos Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1442        "zara", // zara Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.)
1443        "zero", // zero Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
1444        "zip", // zip Charleston Road Registry Inc.
1445//        "zippo", // zippo Zadco Company
1446        "zone", // zone Outer Falls, LLC
1447        "zuerich", // zuerich Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich)
1448};
1449
1450    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1451    private static final String[] COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS = {
1452        // Taken from Version 2024040200, Last Updated Tue Apr  2 07:07:02 2024 UTC
1453        "ac",                 // Ascension Island
1454        "ad",                 // Andorra
1455        "ae",                 // United Arab Emirates
1456        "af",                 // Afghanistan
1457        "ag",                 // Antigua and Barbuda
1458        "ai",                 // Anguilla
1459        "al",                 // Albania
1460        "am",                 // Armenia
1461//        "an",                 // Netherlands Antilles (retired)
1462        "ao",                 // Angola
1463        "aq",                 // Antarctica
1464        "ar",                 // Argentina
1465        "as",                 // American Samoa
1466        "at",                 // Austria
1467        "au",                 // Australia (includes Ashmore and Cartier Islands and Coral Sea Islands)
1468        "aw",                 // Aruba
1469        "ax",                 // Åland
1470        "az",                 // Azerbaijan
1471        "ba",                 // Bosnia and Herzegovina
1472        "bb",                 // Barbados
1473        "bd",                 // Bangladesh
1474        "be",                 // Belgium
1475        "bf",                 // Burkina Faso
1476        "bg",                 // Bulgaria
1477        "bh",                 // Bahrain
1478        "bi",                 // Burundi
1479        "bj",                 // Benin
1480        "bm",                 // Bermuda
1481        "bn",                 // Brunei Darussalam
1482        "bo",                 // Bolivia
1483        "br",                 // Brazil
1484        "bs",                 // Bahamas
1485        "bt",                 // Bhutan
1486        "bv",                 // Bouvet Island
1487        "bw",                 // Botswana
1488        "by",                 // Belarus
1489        "bz",                 // Belize
1490        "ca",                 // Canada
1491        "cc",                 // Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1492        "cd",                 // Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire)
1493        "cf",                 // Central African Republic
1494        "cg",                 // Republic of the Congo
1495        "ch",                 // Switzerland
1496        "ci",                 // Côte d'Ivoire
1497        "ck",                 // Cook Islands
1498        "cl",                 // Chile
1499        "cm",                 // Cameroon
1500        "cn",                 // China, mainland
1501        "co",                 // Colombia
1502        "cr",                 // Costa Rica
1503        "cu",                 // Cuba
1504        "cv",                 // Cape Verde
1505        "cw",                 // Curaçao
1506        "cx",                 // Christmas Island
1507        "cy",                 // Cyprus
1508        "cz",                 // Czech Republic
1509        "de",                 // Germany
1510        "dj",                 // Djibouti
1511        "dk",                 // Denmark
1512        "dm",                 // Dominica
1513        "do",                 // Dominican Republic
1514        "dz",                 // Algeria
1515        "ec",                 // Ecuador
1516        "ee",                 // Estonia
1517        "eg",                 // Egypt
1518        "er",                 // Eritrea
1519        "es",                 // Spain
1520        "et",                 // Ethiopia
1521        "eu",                 // European Union
1522        "fi",                 // Finland
1523        "fj",                 // Fiji
1524        "fk",                 // Falkland Islands
1525        "fm",                 // Federated States of Micronesia
1526        "fo",                 // Faroe Islands
1527        "fr",                 // France
1528        "ga",                 // Gabon
1529        "gb",                 // Great Britain (United Kingdom)
1530        "gd",                 // Grenada
1531        "ge",                 // Georgia
1532        "gf",                 // French Guiana
1533        "gg",                 // Guernsey
1534        "gh",                 // Ghana
1535        "gi",                 // Gibraltar
1536        "gl",                 // Greenland
1537        "gm",                 // The Gambia
1538        "gn",                 // Guinea
1539        "gp",                 // Guadeloupe
1540        "gq",                 // Equatorial Guinea
1541        "gr",                 // Greece
1542        "gs",                 // South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1543        "gt",                 // Guatemala
1544        "gu",                 // Guam
1545        "gw",                 // Guinea-Bissau
1546        "gy",                 // Guyana
1547        "hk",                 // Hong Kong
1548        "hm",                 // Heard Island and McDonald Islands
1549        "hn",                 // Honduras
1550        "hr",                 // Croatia (Hrvatska)
1551        "ht",                 // Haiti
1552        "hu",                 // Hungary
1553        "id",                 // Indonesia
1554        "ie",                 // Ireland (Éire)
1555        "il",                 // Israel
1556        "im",                 // Isle of Man
1557        "in",                 // India
1558        "io",                 // British Indian Ocean Territory
1559        "iq",                 // Iraq
1560        "ir",                 // Iran
1561        "is",                 // Iceland
1562        "it",                 // Italy
1563        "je",                 // Jersey
1564        "jm",                 // Jamaica
1565        "jo",                 // Jordan
1566        "jp",                 // Japan
1567        "ke",                 // Kenya
1568        "kg",                 // Kyrgyzstan
1569        "kh",                 // Cambodia (Khmer)
1570        "ki",                 // Kiribati
1571        "km",                 // Comoros
1572        "kn",                 // Saint Kitts and Nevis
1573        "kp",                 // North Korea
1574        "kr",                 // South Korea
1575        "kw",                 // Kuwait
1576        "ky",                 // Cayman Islands
1577        "kz",                 // Kazakhstan
1578        "la",                 // Laos (currently being marketed as the official domain for Los Angeles)
1579        "lb",                 // Lebanon
1580        "lc",                 // Saint Lucia
1581        "li",                 // Liechtenstein
1582        "lk",                 // Sri Lanka
1583        "lr",                 // Liberia
1584        "ls",                 // Lesotho
1585        "lt",                 // Lithuania
1586        "lu",                 // Luxembourg
1587        "lv",                 // Latvia
1588        "ly",                 // Libya
1589        "ma",                 // Morocco
1590        "mc",                 // Monaco
1591        "md",                 // Moldova
1592        "me",                 // Montenegro
1593        "mg",                 // Madagascar
1594        "mh",                 // Marshall Islands
1595        "mk",                 // Republic of Macedonia
1596        "ml",                 // Mali
1597        "mm",                 // Myanmar
1598        "mn",                 // Mongolia
1599        "mo",                 // Macau
1600        "mp",                 // Northern Mariana Islands
1601        "mq",                 // Martinique
1602        "mr",                 // Mauritania
1603        "ms",                 // Montserrat
1604        "mt",                 // Malta
1605        "mu",                 // Mauritius
1606        "mv",                 // Maldives
1607        "mw",                 // Malawi
1608        "mx",                 // Mexico
1609        "my",                 // Malaysia
1610        "mz",                 // Mozambique
1611        "na",                 // Namibia
1612        "nc",                 // New Caledonia
1613        "ne",                 // Niger
1614        "nf",                 // Norfolk Island
1615        "ng",                 // Nigeria
1616        "ni",                 // Nicaragua
1617        "nl",                 // Netherlands
1618        "no",                 // Norway
1619        "np",                 // Nepal
1620        "nr",                 // Nauru
1621        "nu",                 // Niue
1622        "nz",                 // New Zealand
1623        "om",                 // Oman
1624        "pa",                 // Panama
1625        "pe",                 // Peru
1626        "pf",                 // French Polynesia With Clipperton Island
1627        "pg",                 // Papua New Guinea
1628        "ph",                 // Philippines
1629        "pk",                 // Pakistan
1630        "pl",                 // Poland
1631        "pm",                 // Saint-Pierre and Miquelon
1632        "pn",                 // Pitcairn Islands
1633        "pr",                 // Puerto Rico
1634        "ps",                 // Palestinian territories (PA-controlled West Bank and Gaza Strip)
1635        "pt",                 // Portugal
1636        "pw",                 // Palau
1637        "py",                 // Paraguay
1638        "qa",                 // Qatar
1639        "re",                 // Réunion
1640        "ro",                 // Romania
1641        "rs",                 // Serbia
1642        "ru",                 // Russia
1643        "rw",                 // Rwanda
1644        "sa",                 // Saudi Arabia
1645        "sb",                 // Solomon Islands
1646        "sc",                 // Seychelles
1647        "sd",                 // Sudan
1648        "se",                 // Sweden
1649        "sg",                 // Singapore
1650        "sh",                 // Saint Helena
1651        "si",                 // Slovenia
1652        "sj",                 // Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Not in use (Norwegian dependencies; see .no)
1653        "sk",                 // Slovakia
1654        "sl",                 // Sierra Leone
1655        "sm",                 // San Marino
1656        "sn",                 // Senegal
1657        "so",                 // Somalia
1658        "sr",                 // Suriname
1659        "ss",                 // ss National Communication Authority (NCA)
1660        "st",                 // São Tomé and Príncipe
1661        "su",                 // Soviet Union (deprecated)
1662        "sv",                 // El Salvador
1663        "sx",                 // Sint Maarten
1664        "sy",                 // Syria
1665        "sz",                 // Swaziland
1666        "tc",                 // Turks and Caicos Islands
1667        "td",                 // Chad
1668        "tf",                 // French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1669        "tg",                 // Togo
1670        "th",                 // Thailand
1671        "tj",                 // Tajikistan
1672        "tk",                 // Tokelau
1673        "tl",                 // East Timor (deprecated old code)
1674        "tm",                 // Turkmenistan
1675        "tn",                 // Tunisia
1676        "to",                 // Tonga
1677//        "tp",                 // East Timor (Retired)
1678        "tr",                 // Turkey
1679        "tt",                 // Trinidad and Tobago
1680        "tv",                 // Tuvalu
1681        "tw",                 // Taiwan, Republic of China
1682        "tz",                 // Tanzania
1683        "ua",                 // Ukraine
1684        "ug",                 // Uganda
1685        "uk",                 // United Kingdom
1686        "us",                 // United States of America
1687        "uy",                 // Uruguay
1688        "uz",                 // Uzbekistan
1689        "va",                 // Vatican City State
1690        "vc",                 // Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1691        "ve",                 // Venezuela
1692        "vg",                 // British Virgin Islands
1693        "vi",                 // U.S. Virgin Islands
1694        "vn",                 // Vietnam
1695        "vu",                 // Vanuatu
1696        "wf",                 // Wallis and Futuna
1697        "ws",                 // Samoa (formerly Western Samoa)
1698        "xn--2scrj9c", // ಭಾರತ National Internet eXchange of India
1699        "xn--3e0b707e", // 한국 KISA (Korea Internet &amp; Security Agency)
1700        "xn--3hcrj9c", // ଭାରତ National Internet eXchange of India
1701        "xn--45br5cyl", // ভাৰত National Internet eXchange of India
1702        "xn--45brj9c", // ভারত National Internet Exchange of India
1703        "xn--4dbrk0ce", // ישראל The Israel Internet Association (RA)
1704        "xn--54b7fta0cc", // বাংলা Posts and Telecommunications Division
1705        "xn--80ao21a", // қаз Association of IT Companies of Kazakhstan
1706        "xn--90a3ac", // срб Serbian National Internet Domain Registry (RNIDS)
1707        "xn--90ais", // ??? Reliable Software Inc.
1708        "xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd", // சிங்கப்பூர் Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1709        "xn--d1alf", // мкд Macedonian Academic Research Network Skopje
1710        "xn--e1a4c", // ею EURid vzw/asbl
1711        "xn--fiqs8s", // 中国 China Internet Network Information Center
1712        "xn--fiqz9s", // 中國 China Internet Network Information Center
1713        "xn--fpcrj9c3d", // భారత్ National Internet Exchange of India
1714        "xn--fzc2c9e2c", // ලංකා LK Domain Registry
1715        "xn--gecrj9c", // ભારત National Internet Exchange of India
1716        "xn--h2breg3eve", // भारतम् National Internet eXchange of India
1717        "xn--h2brj9c", // भारत National Internet Exchange of India
1718        "xn--h2brj9c8c", // भारोत National Internet eXchange of India
1719        "xn--j1amh", // укр Ukrainian Network Information Centre (UANIC), Inc.
1720        "xn--j6w193g", // 香港 Hong Kong Internet Registration Corporation Ltd.
1721        "xn--kprw13d", // 台湾 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1722        "xn--kpry57d", // 台灣 Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC)
1723        "xn--l1acc", // мон Datacom Co.,Ltd
1724        "xn--lgbbat1ad8j", // الجزائر CERIST
1725        "xn--mgb9awbf", // عمان Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1726        "xn--mgba3a4f16a", // ایران Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)
1727        "xn--mgbaam7a8h", // امارات Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1728        "xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd", // موريتانيا Université de Nouakchott Al Aasriya
1729        "xn--mgbai9azgqp6j", // پاکستان National Telecommunication Corporation
1730        "xn--mgbayh7gpa", // الاردن National Information Technology Center (NITC)
1731        "xn--mgbbh1a", // بارت National Internet eXchange of India
1732        "xn--mgbbh1a71e", // بھارت National Internet Exchange of India
1733        "xn--mgbc0a9azcg", // المغرب Agence Nationale de Réglementation des Télécommunications (ANRT)
1734        "xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a", // البحرين Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)
1735        "xn--mgberp4a5d4ar", // السعودية Communications and Information Technology Commission
1736        "xn--mgbgu82a", // ڀارت National Internet eXchange of India
1737        "xn--mgbpl2fh", // ????? Sudan Internet Society
1738        "xn--mgbtx2b", // عراق Communications and Media Commission (CMC)
1739        "xn--mgbx4cd0ab", // مليسيا MYNIC Berhad
1740        "xn--mix891f", // 澳門 Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation (DSRT)
1741        "xn--node", // გე Information Technologies Development Center (ITDC)
1742        "xn--o3cw4h", // ไทย Thai Network Information Center Foundation
1743        "xn--ogbpf8fl", // سورية National Agency for Network Services (NANS)
1744        "xn--p1ai", // рф Coordination Center for TLD RU
1745        "xn--pgbs0dh", // تونس Agence Tunisienne d&#39;Internet
1746        "xn--q7ce6a", // ລາວ Lao National Internet Center (LANIC)
1747        "xn--qxa6a", // ευ EURid vzw/asbl
1748        "xn--qxam", // ελ ICS-FORTH GR
1749        "xn--rvc1e0am3e", // ഭാരതം National Internet eXchange of India
1750        "xn--s9brj9c", // ਭਾਰਤ National Internet Exchange of India
1751        "xn--wgbh1c", // مصر National Telecommunication Regulatory Authority - NTRA
1752        "xn--wgbl6a", // قطر Communications Regulatory Authority
1753        "xn--xkc2al3hye2a", // இலங்கை LK Domain Registry
1754        "xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h", // இந்தியா National Internet Exchange of India
1755        "xn--y9a3aq", // ??? Internet Society
1756        "xn--yfro4i67o", // 新加坡 Singapore Network Information Centre (SGNIC) Pte Ltd
1757        "xn--ygbi2ammx", // فلسطين Ministry of Telecom &amp; Information Technology (MTIT)
1758        "ye",                 // Yemen
1759        "yt",                 // Mayotte
1760        "za",                 // South Africa
1761        "zm",                 // Zambia
1762        "zw",                 // Zimbabwe
1763    };
1764
1765    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1766    private static final String[] LOCAL_TLDS = {
1767       "localdomain",         // Also widely used as localhost.localdomain
1768       "localhost",           // RFC2606 defined
1769    };
1770    /*
1771     * This field is used to detect whether the getInstance has been called.
1772     * After this, the method updateTLDOverride is not allowed to be called.
1773     * This field does not need to be volatile since it is only accessed from
1774     * synchronized methods.
1775     */
1776    private static boolean inUse;
1777    /*
1778     * These arrays are mutable.
1779     * They can only be updated by the updateTLDOverride method, and readers must first get an instance
1780     * using the getInstance methods which are all (now) synchronized.
1781     * The only other access is via getTLDEntries which is now synchronized.
1782     */
1783    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1784    private static String[] countryCodeTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1785    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1786    private static String[] genericTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1787    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1788    private static String[] countryCodeTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1789    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1790    private static String[] genericTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1791
1792    // N.B. The constructors are deliberately private to avoid possible problems with unsafe publication.
1793    // It is vital that the static override arrays are not mutable once they have been used in an instance
1794    // The arrays could be copied into the instance variables, however if the static array were changed it could
1795    // result in different settings for the shared default instances
1796
1797    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1798    private static String[] localTLDsMinus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1799
1800    // WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
1801    private static String[] localTLDsPlus = EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
1802
1803    /**
1804     * Check if a sorted array contains the specified key
1805     *
1806     * @param sortedArray the array to search
1807     * @param key the key to find
1808     * @return {@code true} if the array contains the key
1809     */
1810    private static boolean arrayContains(final String[] sortedArray, final String key) {
1811        return Arrays.binarySearch(sortedArray, key) >= 0;
1812    }
1813
1814    /**
1815     * Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It
1816     *  will not consider local addresses as valid.
1817     * @return the singleton instance of this validator
1818     */
1819    public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() {
1820        inUse = true;
1821        return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
1822    }
1823
1824    /**
1825     * Returns the singleton instance of this validator,
1826     *  with local validation as required.
1827     * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
1828     * @return the singleton instance of this validator
1829     */
1830    public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal) {
1831        inUse = true;
1832        if (allowLocal) {
1833            return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL;
1834        }
1835        return LazyHolder.DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
1836    }
1837
1838    /**
1839     * Returns a new instance of this validator.
1840     * The user can provide a list of {@link Item} entries which can
1841     * be used to override the generic and country code lists.
1842     * Note that any such entries override values provided by the
1843     * {@link #updateTLDOverride(ArrayType, String[])} method
1844     * If an entry for a particular type is not provided, then
1845     * the class override (if any) is retained.
1846     *
1847     * @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
1848     * @param items - array of {@link Item} entries
1849     * @return an instance of this validator
1850     * @since 1.7
1851     */
1852    public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) {
1853        inUse = true;
1854        return new DomainValidator(allowLocal, items);
1855    }
1856
1857    /**
1858     * Gets a copy of a class level internal array.
1859     * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
1860     * @return a copy of the array
1861     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected (should not happen)
1862     * @since 1.5.1
1863     */
1864    public static synchronized String[] getTLDEntries(final ArrayType table) {
1865        final String[] array;
1866        switch (table) {
1867        case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1868            array = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
1869            break;
1870        case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
1871            array = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
1872            break;
1873        case GENERIC_MINUS:
1874            array = genericTLDsMinus;
1875            break;
1876        case GENERIC_PLUS:
1877            array = genericTLDsPlus;
1878            break;
1879        case LOCAL_MINUS:
1880            array = localTLDsMinus;
1881            break;
1882        case LOCAL_PLUS:
1883            array = localTLDsPlus;
1884            break;
1885        case GENERIC_RO:
1886            array = GENERIC_TLDS;
1887            break;
1888        case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
1889            array = COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS;
1890            break;
1891        case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
1892            array = INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS;
1893            break;
1894        case LOCAL_RO:
1895            array = LOCAL_TLDS;
1896            break;
1897        default:
1898            throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
1899        }
1900        return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
1901    }
1902
1903    /*
1904     * Check if input contains only ASCII
1905     * Treats null as all ASCII
1906     */
1907    private static boolean isOnlyASCII(final String input) {
1908        if (input == null) {
1909            return true;
1910        }
1911        for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
1912            if (input.charAt(i) > 0x7F) { // CHECKSTYLE IGNORE MagicNumber
1913                return false;
1914            }
1915        }
1916        return true;
1917    }
1918
1919    /**
1920     * Converts potentially Unicode input to punycode.
1921     * If conversion fails, returns the original input.
1922     *
1923     * @param input the string to convert, not null
1924     * @return converted input, or original input if conversion fails
1925     */
1926    // Needed by UrlValidator
1927    static String unicodeToASCII(final String input) {
1928        if (isOnlyASCII(input)) { // skip possibly expensive processing
1929            return input;
1930        }
1931        try {
1932            final String ascii = IDN.toASCII(input);
1933            if (IDNBUGHOLDER.IDN_TOASCII_PRESERVES_TRAILING_DOTS) {
1934                return ascii;
1935            }
1936            final int length = input.length();
1937            if (length == 0) { // check there is a last character
1938                return input;
1939            }
1940            // RFC3490 3.1. 1)
1941            // Whenever dots are used as label separators, the following
1942            // characters MUST be recognized as dots: U+002E (full stop), U+3002
1943            // (ideographic full stop), U+FF0E (fullwidth full stop), U+FF61
1944            // (halfwidth ideographic full stop).
1945            final char lastChar = input.charAt(length - 1); // fetch original last char
1946            switch (lastChar) {
1947            case '\u002E': // "." full stop
1948            case '\u3002': // ideographic full stop
1949            case '\uFF0E': // fullwidth full stop
1950            case '\uFF61': // halfwidth ideographic full stop
1951                return ascii + "."; // restore the missing stop
1952            default:
1953                return ascii;
1954            }
1955        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) { // input is not valid
1956            return input;
1957        }
1958    }
1959
1960    /**
1961     * Update one of the TLD override arrays.
1962     * This must only be done at program startup, before any instances are accessed using getInstance.
1963     * <p>
1964     * For example:
1965     * <p>
1966     * {@code DomainValidator.updateTLDOverride(ArrayType.GENERIC_PLUS, "apache")}
1967     * <p>
1968     * To clear an override array, provide an empty array.
1969     *
1970     * @param table the table to update, see {@link DomainValidator.ArrayType}
1971     * Must be one of the following
1972     * <ul>
1973     * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS</li>
1974     * <li>COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS</li>
1975     * <li>GENERIC_MINUS</li>
1976     * <li>GENERIC_PLUS</li>
1977     * <li>LOCAL_MINUS</li>
1978     * <li>LOCAL_PLUS</li>
1979     * </ul>
1980     * @param tlds the array of TLDs, must not be null
1981     * @throws IllegalStateException if the method is called after getInstance
1982     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the read-only tables is requested
1983     * @since 1.5.0
1984     */
1985    public static synchronized void updateTLDOverride(final ArrayType table, final String... tlds) {
1986        if (inUse) {
1987            throw new IllegalStateException("Can only invoke this method before calling getInstance");
1988        }
1989        final String[] copy = new String[tlds.length];
1990        // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
1991        for (int i = 0; i < tlds.length; i++) {
1992            copy[i] = tlds[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
1993        }
1994        Arrays.sort(copy);
1995        switch (table) {
1996        case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
1997            countryCodeTLDsMinus = copy;
1998            break;
1999        case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2000            countryCodeTLDsPlus = copy;
2001            break;
2002        case GENERIC_MINUS:
2003            genericTLDsMinus = copy;
2004            break;
2005        case GENERIC_PLUS:
2006            genericTLDsPlus = copy;
2007            break;
2008        case LOCAL_MINUS:
2009            localTLDsMinus = copy;
2010            break;
2011        case LOCAL_PLUS:
2012            localTLDsPlus = copy;
2013            break;
2014        case COUNTRY_CODE_RO:
2015        case GENERIC_RO:
2016        case INFRASTRUCTURE_RO:
2017        case LOCAL_RO:
2018            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot update the table: " + table);
2019        default:
2020            throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2021        }
2022    }
2023
2024    /** Whether to allow local overrides. */
2025    private final boolean allowLocal;
2026
2027    // TLDs defined by IANA
2028    // Authoritative and comprehensive list at:
2029    // https://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
2030
2031    // Note that the above list is in UPPER case.
2032    // The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below)
2033
2034    // IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
2035    // Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in
2036    // the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column
2037    // For example (as of 2015-01-02):
2038    // .bl  country-code    Not assigned
2039    // .um  country-code    Not assigned
2040
2041    /**
2042     * RegexValidator for matching domains.
2043     */
2044    private final RegexValidator domainRegex =
2045            new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX);
2046
2047    /**
2048     * RegexValidator for matching a local hostname
2049     */
2050    // RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
2051    private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex =
2052            new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX);
2053
2054    /** Local override. */
2055    final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2056
2057    /** Local override. */
2058    final String[] myCountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2059
2060    // Additional arrays to supplement or override the built in ones.
2061    // The PLUS arrays are valid keys, the MINUS arrays are invalid keys
2062
2063    /** Local override. */
2064    final String[] myGenericTLDsPlus;
2065
2066    /** Local override. */
2067    final String[] myGenericTLDsMinus;
2068
2069    /** Local override. */
2070    final String[] myLocalTLDsPlus;
2071
2072    /** Local override. */
2073    final String[] myLocalTLDsMinus;
2074
2075    /*
2076     * It is vital that instances are immutable. This is because the default instances are shared.
2077     */
2078
2079    /**
2080     * Private constructor.
2081     */
2082    private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal) {
2083        this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
2084        // link to class overrides
2085        myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2086        myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2087        myGenericTLDsPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
2088        myGenericTLDsMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
2089        myLocalTLDsPlus = localTLDsPlus;
2090        myLocalTLDsMinus = localTLDsMinus;
2091    }
2092
2093    /**
2094     * Private constructor, allowing local overrides
2095     * @since 1.7
2096    */
2097    private DomainValidator(final boolean allowLocal, final List<Item> items) {
2098        this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
2099
2100        // default to class overrides
2101        String[] ccMinus = countryCodeTLDsMinus;
2102        String[] ccPlus = countryCodeTLDsPlus;
2103        String[] genMinus = genericTLDsMinus;
2104        String[] genPlus = genericTLDsPlus;
2105        String[] localMinus = localTLDsMinus;
2106        String[] localPlus = localTLDsPlus;
2107
2108        // apply the instance overrides
2109        for (final Item item : items) {
2110            final String[] copy = new String[item.values.length];
2111            // Comparisons are always done with lower-case entries
2112            for (int i = 0; i < item.values.length; i++) {
2113                copy[i] = item.values[i].toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
2114            }
2115            Arrays.sort(copy);
2116            switch (item.type) {
2117            case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS: {
2118                ccMinus = copy;
2119                break;
2120            }
2121            case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS: {
2122                ccPlus = copy;
2123                break;
2124            }
2125            case GENERIC_MINUS: {
2126                genMinus = copy;
2127                break;
2128            }
2129            case GENERIC_PLUS: {
2130                genPlus = copy;
2131                break;
2132            }
2133            case LOCAL_MINUS: {
2134                localMinus = copy;
2135                break;
2136            }
2137            case LOCAL_PLUS: {
2138                localPlus = copy;
2139                break;
2140            }
2141            default:
2142                break;
2143            }
2144        }
2145
2146        // init the instance overrides
2147        myCountryCodeTLDsMinus = ccMinus;
2148        myCountryCodeTLDsPlus = ccPlus;
2149        myGenericTLDsMinus = genMinus;
2150        myGenericTLDsPlus = genPlus;
2151        myLocalTLDsMinus = localMinus;
2152        myLocalTLDsPlus = localPlus;
2153    }
2154
2155    private String chompLeadingDot(final String str) {
2156        if (str.startsWith(".")) {
2157            return str.substring(1);
2158        }
2159        return str;
2160    }
2161
2162    /**
2163     * Gets a copy of an instance level internal array.
2164     * @param table the array type (any of the enum values)
2165     * @return a copy of the array
2166     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the table type is unexpected, e.g. GENERIC_RO
2167     * @since 1.7
2168     */
2169    public String[] getOverrides(final ArrayType table) {
2170        final String[] array;
2171        switch (table) {
2172        case COUNTRY_CODE_MINUS:
2173            array = myCountryCodeTLDsMinus;
2174            break;
2175        case COUNTRY_CODE_PLUS:
2176            array = myCountryCodeTLDsPlus;
2177            break;
2178        case GENERIC_MINUS:
2179            array = myGenericTLDsMinus;
2180            break;
2181        case GENERIC_PLUS:
2182            array = myGenericTLDsPlus;
2183            break;
2184        case LOCAL_MINUS:
2185            array = myLocalTLDsMinus;
2186            break;
2187        case LOCAL_PLUS:
2188            array = myLocalTLDsPlus;
2189            break;
2190        default:
2191            throw new IllegalArgumentException(UNEXPECTED_ENUM_VALUE + table);
2192        }
2193        return Arrays.copyOf(array, array.length); // clone the array
2194    }
2195
2196    /**
2197     * Does this instance allow local addresses?
2198     *
2199     * @return true if local addresses are allowed.
2200     * @since 1.7
2201     */
2202    public boolean isAllowLocal() {
2203        return this.allowLocal;
2204    }
2205
2206    /**
2207     * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses
2208     * as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain.
2209     * The parsing is case-insensitive.
2210     * @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax
2211     * @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name
2212     */
2213    public boolean isValid(String domain) {
2214        if (domain == null) {
2215            return false;
2216        }
2217        domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
2218        // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
2219        // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
2220        // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
2221        // checks in the regexes below
2222        if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
2223            return false;
2224        }
2225        final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
2226        if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) {
2227            return isValidTld(groups[0]);
2228        }
2229        return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
2230    }
2231
2232    /**
2233     * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2234     * IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are
2235     * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2236     * @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null
2237     * @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD
2238     */
2239    public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(final String ccTld) {
2240        final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2241        return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myCountryCodeTLDsMinus, key);
2242    }
2243
2244    // package protected for unit test access
2245    // must agree with isValid() above
2246    final boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) {
2247        if (domain == null) {
2248            return false;
2249        }
2250        domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
2251        // hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode
2252        // Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
2253        // if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
2254        // checks in the regexes below
2255        if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
2256            return false;
2257        }
2258        final String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
2259        return groups != null && groups.length > 0 || hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
2260    }
2261    /**
2262     * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2263     * IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored
2264     * if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2265     * @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null
2266     * @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD
2267     */
2268    public boolean isValidGenericTld(final String gTld) {
2269        final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2270        return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myGenericTLDsPlus, key)) && !arrayContains(myGenericTLDsMinus, key);
2271    }
2272
2273    /**
2274     * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2275     * IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are
2276     * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2277     * @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null
2278     * @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD
2279     */
2280    public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(final String iTld) {
2281        final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2282        return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key);
2283    }
2284
2285    /**
2286     * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2287     * widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are
2288     * ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
2289     * @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null
2290     * @return true if the parameter is an local TLD
2291     */
2292    public boolean isValidLocalTld(final String lTld) {
2293        final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
2294        return (arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(myLocalTLDsPlus, key))
2295                && !arrayContains(myLocalTLDsMinus, key);
2296    }
2297
2298    /**
2299     * Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
2300     * IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present.
2301     * The search is case-insensitive.
2302     * <p>
2303     * If allowLocal is true, the TLD is checked using {@link #isValidLocalTld(String)}.
2304     * The TLD is then checked against {@link #isValidInfrastructureTld(String)},
2305     * {@link #isValidGenericTld(String)} and {@link #isValidCountryCodeTld(String)}
2306     * @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null
2307     * @return true if the parameter is a TLD
2308     */
2309    public boolean isValidTld(final String tld) {
2310        if (allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) {
2311            return true;
2312        }
2313        return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld)
2314                || isValidGenericTld(tld)
2315                || isValidCountryCodeTld(tld);
2316    }
2317}