PatternLayout Class

A flexible layout configurable with pattern string.

For a list of all members of this type, see PatternLayout Members.

System.Object
log4net.Layout.LayoutSkeleton
log4net.Layout.PatternLayout

[Visual Basic]
Public Class PatternLayout

Inherits LayoutSkeleton

[C#]

public class PatternLayout : LayoutSkeleton

Thread Safety

This type is not safe for multithreaded operations.

Remarks

The goal of this class is to Format a LoggingEvent as a string. The results depend on the conversion pattern.

The conversion pattern is closely related to the conversion pattern of the printf function in C. A conversion pattern is composed of literal text and format control expressions called conversion specifiers.

You are free to insert any literal text within the conversion pattern.

Each conversion specifier starts with a percent sign (%) and is followed by optional format modifiers and a conversion pattern name. The conversion pattern name specifies the type of data, e.g. logger, level, date, thread name. The format modifiers control such things as field width, padding, left and right justification. The following is a simple example.

Let the conversion pattern be "%-5level [%thread]: %message%newline" and assume that the log4net environment was set to use a PatternLayout. Then the statements

[C#]
ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(TestApp));
log.Debug("Message 1");
log.Warn("Message 2");

would yield the output

DEBUG [main]: Message 1
WARN  [main]: Message 2

Note that there is no explicit separator between text and conversion specifiers. The pattern parser knows when it has reached the end of a conversion specifier when it reads a conversion character. In the example above the conversion specifier %-5level means the level of the logging event should be left justified to a width of five characters.

The recognized conversion pattern names are:

Conversion Pattern Name	Effect
a	Equivalent to appdomain
appdomain	Used to output the friendly name of the AppDomain where the logging event was generated.
c	Equivalent to logger
C	Equivalent to type
class	Equivalent to type
d	Equivalent to date
date	Used to output the date of the logging event in the local time zone. To output the date in universal time use the `%utcdate` pattern. The date conversion specifier may be followed by a date format specifier enclosed between braces. For example, %date{HH:mm:ss,fff} or %date{dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss,fff}. If no date format specifier is given then ISO8601 format is assumed (Iso8601DateFormatter). The date format specifier admits the same syntax as the time pattern string of the ToString. For better results it is recommended to use the log4net date formatters. These can be specified using one of the strings "ABSOLUTE", "DATE" and "ISO8601" for specifying AbsoluteTimeDateFormatter, DateTimeDateFormatter and respectively Iso8601DateFormatter. For example, %date{ISO8601} or %date{ABSOLUTE}. These dedicated date formatters perform significantly better than ToString.
exception	Used to output the exception passed in with the log message. If an exception object is stored in the logging event it will be rendered into the pattern output with a trailing newline. If there is no exception then nothing will be output and no trailing newline will be appended. It is typical to put a newline before the exception and to have the exception as the last data in the pattern.
F	Equivalent to file
file	Used to output the file name where the logging request was issued. WARNING Generating caller location information is extremely slow. Its use should be avoided unless execution speed is not an issue. See the note below on the availability of caller location information.
identity	Used to output the user name for the currently active user (Principal.Identity.Name). WARNING Generating caller information is extremely slow. Its use should be avoided unless execution speed is not an issue.
l	Equivalent to location
L	Equivalent to line
location	Used to output location information of the caller which generated the logging event. The location information depends on the CLI implementation but usually consists of the fully qualified name of the calling method followed by the callers source the file name and line number between parentheses. The location information can be very useful. However, its generation is extremely slow. Its use should be avoided unless execution speed is not an issue. See the note below on the availability of caller location information.
level	Used to output the level of the logging event.
line	Used to output the line number from where the logging request was issued. WARNING Generating caller location information is extremely slow. Its use should be avoided unless execution speed is not an issue. See the note below on the availability of caller location information.
logger	Used to output the logger of the logging event. The logger conversion specifier can be optionally followed by precision specifier, that is a decimal constant in brackets. If a precision specifier is given, then only the corresponding number of right most components of the logger name will be printed. By default the logger name is printed in full. For example, for the logger name "a.b.c" the pattern %logger{2} will output "b.c".
m	Equivalent to message
M	Equivalent to method
message	Used to output the application supplied message associated with the logging event.
mdc	The MDC (old name for the ThreadContext.Properties) is now part of the combined event properties. This pattern is supported for compatibility but is equivalent to property.
method	Used to output the method name where the logging request was issued. WARNING Generating caller location information is extremely slow. Its use should be avoided unless execution speed is not an issue. See the note below on the availability of caller location information.
n	Equivalent to newline
newline	Outputs the platform dependent line separator character or characters. This conversion pattern offers the same performance as using non-portable line separator strings such as "\n", or "\r\n". Thus, it is the preferred way of specifying a line separator.
ndc	Used to output the NDC (nested diagnostic context) associated with the thread that generated the logging event.
p	Equivalent to level
P	Equivalent to property
properties	Equivalent to property
property	Used to output the an event specific property. The key to lookup must be specified within braces and directly following the pattern specifier, e.g. %property{user} would include the value from the property that is keyed by the string 'user'. Each property value that is to be included in the log must be specified separately. Properties are added to events by loggers or appenders. By default the `log4net:HostName` property is set to the name of machine on which the event was originally logged. If no key is specified, e.g. %property then all the keys and their values are printed in a comma separated list. The properties of an event are combined from a number of different contexts. These are listed below in the order in which they are searched. the event properties The event has Properties that can be set. These properties are specific to this event only. the thread properties The Properties that are set on the current thread. These properties are shared by all events logged on this thread. the global properties The Properties that are set globally. These properties are shared by all the threads in the AppDomain.
r	Equivalent to timestamp
t	Equivalent to thread
timestamp	Used to output the number of milliseconds elapsed since the start of the application until the creation of the logging event.
thread	Used to output the name of the thread that generated the logging event. Uses the thread number if no name is available.
type	Used to output the fully qualified type name of the caller issuing the logging request. This conversion specifier can be optionally followed by precision specifier, that is a decimal constant in brackets. If a precision specifier is given, then only the corresponding number of right most components of the class name will be printed. By default the class name is output in fully qualified form. For example, for the class name "log4net.Layout.PatternLayout", the pattern %type{1} will output "PatternLayout". WARNING Generating the caller class information is slow. Thus, its use should be avoided unless execution speed is not an issue. See the note below on the availability of caller location information.
u	Equivalent to identity
username	Used to output the WindowsIdentity for the currently active user. WARNING Generating caller WindowsIdentity information is extremely slow. Its use should be avoided unless execution speed is not an issue.
utcdate	Used to output the date of the logging event in universal time. The date conversion specifier may be followed by a date format specifier enclosed between braces. For example, %utcdate{HH:mm:ss,fff} or %utcdate{dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss,fff}. If no date format specifier is given then ISO8601 format is assumed (Iso8601DateFormatter). The date format specifier admits the same syntax as the time pattern string of the ToString. For better results it is recommended to use the log4net date formatters. These can be specified using one of the strings "ABSOLUTE", "DATE" and "ISO8601" for specifying AbsoluteTimeDateFormatter, DateTimeDateFormatter and respectively Iso8601DateFormatter. For example, %utcdate{ISO8601} or %utcdate{ABSOLUTE}. These dedicated date formatters perform significantly better than ToString.
w	Equivalent to username
x	Equivalent to ndc
X	Equivalent to mdc
%	The sequence %% outputs a single percent sign.

The single letter patterns are deprecated in favor of the longer more descriptive pattern names.

By default the relevant information is output as is. However, with the aid of format modifiers it is possible to change the minimum field width, the maximum field width and justification.

The optional format modifier is placed between the percent sign and the conversion pattern name.

The first optional format modifier is the left justification flag which is just the minus (-) character. Then comes the optional minimum field width modifier. This is a decimal constant that represents the minimum number of characters to output. If the data item requires fewer characters, it is padded on either the left or the right until the minimum width is reached. The default is to pad on the left (right justify) but you can specify right padding with the left justification flag. The padding character is space. If the data item is larger than the minimum field width, the field is expanded to accommodate the data. The value is never truncated.

This behavior can be changed using the maximum field width modifier which is designated by a period followed by a decimal constant. If the data item is longer than the maximum field, then the extra characters are removed from the beginning of the data item and not from the end. For example, it the maximum field width is eight and the data item is ten characters long, then the first two characters of the data item are dropped. This behavior deviates from the printf function in C where truncation is done from the end.

Below are various format modifier examples for the logger conversion specifier.

Format modifier	left justify	minimum width	maximum width	comment
%20logger	false	20	none	Left pad with spaces if the logger name is less than 20 characters long.
%-20logger	true	20	none	Right pad with spaces if the logger name is less than 20 characters long.
%.30logger	NA	none	30	Truncate from the beginning if the logger name is longer than 30 characters.
%20.30logger	false	20	30	Left pad with spaces if the logger name is shorter than 20 characters. However, if logger name is longer than 30 characters, then truncate from the beginning.
%-20.30logger	true	20	30	Right pad with spaces if the logger name is shorter than 20 characters. However, if logger name is longer than 30 characters, then truncate from the beginning.

Note about caller location information.
The following patterns %type %file %line %method %location %class %C %F %L %l %M all generate caller location information. Location information uses the System.Diagnostics.StackTrace class to generate a call stack. The caller's information is then extracted from this stack.

CAUTION
The System.Diagnostics.StackTrace class is not supported on the .NET Compact Framework 1.0 therefore caller location information is not available on that framework.

CAUTION
The System.Diagnostics.StackTrace class has this to say about Release builds:

"StackTrace information will be most informative with Debug build configurations. By default, Debug builds include debug symbols, while Release builds do not. The debug symbols contain most of the file, method name, line number, and column information used in constructing StackFrame and StackTrace objects. StackTrace might not report as many method calls as expected, due to code transformations that occur during optimization."

This means that in a Release build the caller information may be incomplete or may not exist at all! Therefore caller location information cannot be relied upon in a Release build.

Additional pattern converters may be registered with a specific PatternLayout instance using the AddConverter method.

Example

This is a more detailed pattern.

%timestamp [%thread] %level %logger %ndc - %message%newline

A similar pattern except that the relative time is right padded if less than 6 digits, thread name is right padded if less than 15 characters and truncated if longer and the logger name is left padded if shorter than 30 characters and truncated if longer.

%-6timestamp [%15.15thread] %-5level %30.30logger %ndc - %message%newline

Requirements

Namespace: log4net.Layout

Assembly: log4net (in log4net.dll)

PatternLayout Class

Thread Safety

Remarks

Example

Requirements

See Also