prefix rdf:     <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> 
prefix :        <http://example/> 

SELECT *
{
#    ?x !(:p) ?y .
    ?x !(^a|a) ?y .
#   ?x :p{0} ?y .
}

## Also include:
## Simple data
## {?x :notInGraph ?y }


## #    :a :p* ?z .
##     :a :p{3} ?z . 
## #    :a :p{3,} ?z . 
## #    ?z :p* ?z .
## #    ?z :p+ ?z .
## #    :a (:p/:p)* ?z .
## } ORDER BY ?z