Defining users provides several ways to define the repository of users and passwords. To specify which of these services to use with your system, set the property derby.authentication.provider to the appropriate value as discussed here. Usersdefining for a system Authentication providerspecifying

Setting the property as a system-wide property creates system-wide users. Setting the property as a database-wide property creates users for a single database only.

Shutting down the system (for example, using the shutdown=true form of the connection URL without specifying a particular database) when user authentication is turned on requires that you define at least one user as a system-wide user.