#region Apache License
//
// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more 
// contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
// this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. 
// The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0
// (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with 
// the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
#endregion

using System;
using System.IO;

using log4net.Util;
using log4net.Layout;
using log4net.Core;

namespace log4net.Appender
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Sends logging events to a <see cref="TextWriter"/>.
	/// </summary>
	/// <remarks>
	/// <para>
	/// An Appender that writes to a <see cref="TextWriter"/>.
	/// </para>
	/// <para>
	/// This appender may be used stand alone if initialized with an appropriate
	/// writer, however it is typically used as a base class for an appender that
	/// can open a <see cref="TextWriter"/> to write to.
	/// </para>
	/// </remarks>
	/// <author>Nicko Cadell</author>
	/// <author>Gert Driesen</author>
	/// <author>Douglas de la Torre</author>
    public class TextWriterAppender : AppenderSkeleton
	{
		#region Public Instance Constructors

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="TextWriterAppender" /> class.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// Default constructor.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		public TextWriterAppender() 
		{
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="TextWriterAppender" /> class and
		/// sets the output destination to a new <see cref="StreamWriter"/> initialized 
		/// with the specified <see cref="Stream"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="layout">The layout to use with this appender.</param>
		/// <param name="os">The <see cref="Stream"/> to output to.</param>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// Obsolete constructor.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		[Obsolete("Instead use the default constructor and set the Layout & Writer properties")]
		public TextWriterAppender(ILayout layout, Stream os) : this(layout, new StreamWriter(os))
		{
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="TextWriterAppender" /> class and sets
		/// the output destination to the specified <see cref="StreamWriter" />.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="layout">The layout to use with this appender</param>
		/// <param name="writer">The <see cref="TextWriter" /> to output to</param>
		/// <remarks>
		/// The <see cref="TextWriter" /> must have been previously opened.
		/// </remarks>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// Obsolete constructor.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		[Obsolete("Instead use the default constructor and set the Layout & Writer properties")]
		public TextWriterAppender(ILayout layout, TextWriter writer) 
		{
			Layout = layout;
			Writer = writer;
		}

		#endregion

		#region Public Instance Properties

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets or set whether the appender will flush at the end 
		/// of each append operation.
		/// </summary>
		/// <value>
		/// <para>
		/// The default behavior is to flush at the end of each 
		/// append operation.
		/// </para>
		/// <para>
		/// If this option is set to <c>false</c>, then the underlying 
		/// stream can defer persisting the logging event to a later 
		/// time.
		/// </para>
		/// </value>
		/// <remarks>
		/// Avoiding the flush operation at the end of each append results in
		/// a performance gain of 10 to 20 percent. However, there is safety
		/// trade-off involved in skipping flushing. Indeed, when flushing is
		/// skipped, then it is likely that the last few log events will not
		/// be recorded on disk when the application exits. This is a high
		/// price to pay even for a 20% performance gain.
		/// </remarks>
		public bool ImmediateFlush 
		{
			get { return m_immediateFlush; }
			set { m_immediateFlush = value; }
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Sets the <see cref="TextWriter"/> where the log output will go.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// The specified <see cref="TextWriter"/> must be open and writable.
		/// </para>
		/// <para>
		/// The <see cref="TextWriter"/> will be closed when the appender 
		/// instance is closed.
		/// </para>
		/// <para>
		/// <b>Note:</b> Logging to an unopened <see cref="TextWriter"/> will fail.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		virtual public TextWriter Writer 
		{
			get { return m_qtw; }
			set 
			{
				lock(this) 
				{
					Reset();
					if (value != null)
					{
						m_qtw = new QuietTextWriter(value, ErrorHandler);
						WriteHeader();
					}
				}
			}
		}

		#endregion Public Instance Properties

		#region Override implementation of AppenderSkeleton

		/// <summary>
		/// This method determines if there is a sense in attempting to append.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// This method checks if an output target has been set and if a
		/// layout has been set. 
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		/// <returns><c>false</c> if any of the preconditions fail.</returns>
		override protected bool PreAppendCheck() 
		{
			if (!base.PreAppendCheck()) 
			{
				return false;
			}

			if (m_qtw == null) 
			{
				// Allow subclass to lazily create the writer
				PrepareWriter();

				if (m_qtw == null) 
				{
					ErrorHandler.Error("No output stream or file set for the appender named ["+ Name +"].");
					return false;
				}
			}
			if (m_qtw.Closed) 
			{
				ErrorHandler.Error("Output stream for appender named ["+ Name +"] has been closed.");
				return false;
			}

			return true;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// This method is called by the <see cref="M:AppenderSkeleton.DoAppend(LoggingEvent)"/>
		/// method. 
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="loggingEvent">The event to log.</param>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// Writes a log statement to the output stream if the output stream exists 
		/// and is writable.  
		/// </para>
		/// <para>
		/// The format of the output will depend on the appender's layout.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		override protected void Append(LoggingEvent loggingEvent) 
		{
			RenderLoggingEvent(m_qtw, loggingEvent);

			if (m_immediateFlush) 
			{
				m_qtw.Flush();
			} 
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// This method is called by the <see cref="M:AppenderSkeleton.DoAppend(LoggingEvent[])"/>
		/// method. 
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="loggingEvents">The array of events to log.</param>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// This method writes all the bulk logged events to the output writer
		/// before flushing the stream.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		override protected void Append(LoggingEvent[] loggingEvents) 
		{
			foreach(LoggingEvent loggingEvent in loggingEvents)
			{
				RenderLoggingEvent(m_qtw, loggingEvent);
			}

			if (m_immediateFlush) 
			{
				m_qtw.Flush();
			} 
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Close this appender instance. The underlying stream or writer is also closed.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// Closed appenders cannot be reused.
		/// </remarks>
		override protected void OnClose() 
		{
			lock(this)
			{
				Reset();
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets or set the <see cref="IErrorHandler"/> and the underlying 
		/// <see cref="QuietTextWriter"/>, if any, for this appender. 
		/// </summary>
		/// <value>
		/// The <see cref="IErrorHandler"/> for this appender.
		/// </value>
		override public IErrorHandler ErrorHandler
		{
			get { return base.ErrorHandler; }
			set
			{
				lock(this)
				{
					if (value == null) 
					{
						LogLog.Warn(declaringType, "TextWriterAppender: You have tried to set a null error-handler.");
					} 
					else 
					{
						base.ErrorHandler = value;
						if (m_qtw != null) 
						{
							m_qtw.ErrorHandler = value;
						}
					}	
				}
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// This appender requires a <see cref="Layout"/> to be set.
		/// </summary>
		/// <value><c>true</c></value>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// This appender requires a <see cref="Layout"/> to be set.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		override protected bool RequiresLayout
		{
			get { return true; }
		}

		#endregion Override implementation of AppenderSkeleton

		#region Protected Instance Methods

		/// <summary>
		/// Writes the footer and closes the underlying <see cref="TextWriter"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// Writes the footer and closes the underlying <see cref="TextWriter"/>.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		virtual protected void WriteFooterAndCloseWriter()
		{
			WriteFooter();
			CloseWriter();
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Closes the underlying <see cref="TextWriter"/>.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// Closes the underlying <see cref="TextWriter"/>.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		virtual protected void CloseWriter() 
		{
			if (m_qtw != null) 
			{
				try 
				{
					m_qtw.Close();
				} 
				catch(Exception e) 
				{
					ErrorHandler.Error("Could not close writer ["+m_qtw+"]", e); 
					// do need to invoke an error handler
					// at this late stage
				}
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Clears internal references to the underlying <see cref="TextWriter" /> 
		/// and other variables.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// Subclasses can override this method for an alternate closing behavior.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		virtual protected void Reset() 
		{
			WriteFooterAndCloseWriter();
			m_qtw = null;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Writes a footer as produced by the embedded layout's <see cref="ILayout.Footer"/> property.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// Writes a footer as produced by the embedded layout's <see cref="ILayout.Footer"/> property.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		virtual protected void WriteFooter() 
		{
			if (Layout != null && m_qtw != null && !m_qtw.Closed) 
			{
				string f = Layout.Footer;
				if (f != null)
				{
					m_qtw.Write(f);
				}
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Writes a header produced by the embedded layout's <see cref="ILayout.Header"/> property.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// Writes a header produced by the embedded layout's <see cref="ILayout.Header"/> property.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		virtual protected void WriteHeader() 
		{
			if (Layout != null && m_qtw != null && !m_qtw.Closed) 
			{
				string h = Layout.Header;
				if (h != null)
				{
					m_qtw.Write(h);
				}
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Called to allow a subclass to lazily initialize the writer
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// This method is called when an event is logged and the <see cref="Writer"/> or
		/// <see cref="QuietWriter"/> have not been set. This allows a subclass to
		/// attempt to initialize the writer multiple times.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		virtual protected void PrepareWriter()
		{
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Gets or sets the <see cref="log4net.Util.QuietTextWriter"/> where logging events
		/// will be written to. 
		/// </summary>
		/// <value>
		/// The <see cref="log4net.Util.QuietTextWriter"/> where logging events are written.
		/// </value>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// This is the <see cref="log4net.Util.QuietTextWriter"/> where logging events
		/// will be written to. 
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		protected QuietTextWriter QuietWriter
		{
			get { return m_qtw; }
			set { m_qtw = value; }
        }

        #endregion Protected Instance Methods

        #region Private Instance Fields

        /// <summary>
		/// This is the <see cref="log4net.Util.QuietTextWriter"/> where logging events
		/// will be written to. 
		/// </summary>
		private QuietTextWriter m_qtw;

		/// <summary>
		/// Immediate flush means that the underlying <see cref="TextWriter" /> 
		/// or output stream will be flushed at the end of each append operation.
		/// </summary>
		/// <remarks>
		/// <para>
		/// Immediate flush is slower but ensures that each append request is 
		/// actually written. If <see cref="ImmediateFlush"/> is set to
		/// <c>false</c>, then there is a good chance that the last few
		/// logging events are not actually persisted if and when the application 
		/// crashes.
		/// </para>
		/// <para>
		/// The default value is <c>true</c>.
		/// </para>
		/// </remarks>
		private bool m_immediateFlush = true;

		#endregion Private Instance Fields

	    #region Private Static Fields

	    /// <summary>
	    /// The fully qualified type of the TextWriterAppender class.
	    /// </summary>
	    /// <remarks>
	    /// Used by the internal logger to record the Type of the
	    /// log message.
	    /// </remarks>
	    private readonly static Type declaringType = typeof(TextWriterAppender);

	    #endregion Private Static Fields

            /// <summary>
            /// Flushes any buffered log data.
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="millisecondsTimeout">The maximum time to wait for logging events to be flushed.</param>
            /// <returns><c>True</c> if all logging events were flushed successfully, else <c>false</c>.</returns>
            public override bool Flush(int millisecondsTimeout)
            {
                // Nothing to do if ImmediateFlush is true
                if (m_immediateFlush) return true;

                // lock(this) will block any Appends while the buffer is flushed.
                lock (this)
                {
                    m_qtw.Flush();
                }

                return true;
            }
	}
}